Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žalь
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gḗlˀis, *gḗlˀāˀ, an elongated ē-grade verbal noun of *želti (“to string”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-. Nearly exact cognate with Lithuanian gėlà (“pain, anguish”) (a-stem), gė́lė (“panifully, agonizingly”) (adverb). Further akin to Old Armenian կեղ (keł, “wound, sore”), Proto-Germanic *kwēlō (“agony”).
Noun
Alternative forms
Inflection
Declension of *žàlь (i-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *žàlь | *žàli | *žàli |
| genitive | *žàlī | *žàlьju, *žàľu* | *žàlьjь, *žàlī* |
| dative | *žàli | *žàlьma | *žàlьmъ |
| accusative | *žàlь | *žàli | *žàli |
| instrumental | *žàlьjǫ, *žàľǭ* | *žàlьma | *žàlьmī |
| locative | *žàlī | *žàlьju, *žàľu* | *žàlьxъ |
| vocative | *žali | *žàli | *žàli |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *žaliti, *žalěti (“to grieve, to mourn”)
- *žalějь (“lament, whining”)
- *sъžalěnьje (“pity, compassion”)
- *žalovati (“to feel sorry for, to pity”)
- *žalostь, *žalota (“pity, sympathy”)
- *žalьba (“lament, expression of regret, complaint”), *žaloba (“mourning”)
- *žalьnъ (“regetful, sorrowful”)
- *žalъkъ (“pitiful”)
- желя (želja)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жаль”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жал”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 522
- “gėla”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žalь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 553: “f. i ‘grief, regret, pity’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “žȁl”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*ža̋lь”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “žalь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (RPT 99)”