Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bъrkati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably polygenetic. Proposed origins:
- Some of the meanings from *bъrkъ (“whisker, quill”) + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, to bore”).
- Onomatopoeic, akin to Proto-Slavic *bъrčati (“to buzz, to drone, to whizz”), *burkati (“to growl, to grumble”) and Lithuanian bur̃kti, bur̃kšti (“to bang, to rattle”).
Compare also Proto-Slavic *brъkati (“to shove, to mingle, to stir”).
Verb
*bъrkàti impf (perfective *bъrknǫti or *bъrkovati)[1]
- to trim, to crop (feathers, beard) (in East Slavic)
- to flatter (wings) → to whoosh, to hurl, to fly away (in West Slavic)
- to poke, to kick
- → (by extension) to wrinkle, to curl
- → (figurative) to chase away
- (reflexive) to drive, to swing oneself
Alternative forms
Conjugation
Conjugation of *bъrkati, *bъrka, *bъrčetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *bъrkanьje | *bъrkati | *bъrkatъ | *bъrkalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *bъrkanъ | *bъrčemъ |
| Active | *bъrkavъ | *bъrčę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bъrkaxъ | *bъrka | *bъrka | *bъrčǫ | *bъrčeši | *bъrčetь |
| Dual | *bъrkaxově | *bъrkasta | *bъrkaste | *bъrčevě | *bъrčeta | *bъrčete |
| Plural | *bъrkaxomъ | *bъrkaste | *bъrkašę | *bъrčemъ | *bъrčete | *bъrčǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bъrkaaxъ | *bъrkaaše | *bъrkaaše | — | *bъrči | *bъrči |
| Dual | *bъrkaaxově | *bъrkaašeta | *bъrkaašete | *bъrčivě | *bъrčita | — |
| Plural | *bъrkaaxomъ | *bъrkaašete | *bъrkaaxǫ | *bъrčimъ | *bъrčite | — |
Conjugation of *bъrkati, *bъrka, *bъrkajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *bъrkanьje | *bъrkati | *bъrkatъ | *bъrkalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *bъrkanъ | *bъrkajemъ |
| Active | *bъrkavъ | *bъrkaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bъrkaxъ | *bъrka | *bъrka | *bъrkajǫ | *bъrkaješi | *bъrkajetь |
| Dual | *bъrkaxově | *bъrkasta | *bъrkaste | *bъrkajevě | *bъrkajeta | *bъrkajete |
| Plural | *bъrkaxomъ | *bъrkaste | *bъrkašę | *bъrkajemъ | *bъrkajete | *bъrkajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bъrkaaxъ | *bъrkaaše | *bъrkaaše | — | *bъrkaji | *bъrkaji |
| Dual | *bъrkaaxově | *bъrkaašeta | *bъrkaašete | *bъrkajivě | *bъrkajita | — |
| Plural | *bъrkaaxomъ | *bъrkaašete | *bъrkaaxǫ | *bъrkajimъ | *bъrkajite | — |
Derived terms
- *pribъrkati (“to beat, to stroke”)
- *vъbъrkati, *ubъrkati (“to poke into”)
Related terms
- *borti (“to fight, to challenge”)
- *bъrčiti (“to wrinkle, to curl”)
- *bъrčьka (“wrinkle”)
- *bъrkъ (“whisker, quill”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*bъrkati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 126
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “боркать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бъркам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 102
References
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “bŕcati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *bъrka̋ti”