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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
| preceding vowel | |
|---|---|
| A / Ï / O / U | E / I / Ö / Ü |
| *-mïĺ | *-miĺ |
Etymology
Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-mel (“suffix forming resultive nouns from verbs”).
Suffix
*-miĺ
- Forms past tense, heard, unseen, unexperienced or otherwise unclear to the speaker.
- Forms the perfect participle of a verb.
Usage notes
Non-verbs cannot directly take past tenses. The verb Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be (aux.)”) takes the past tense suffix and with it the meaning of the past tense is provided. For example; *eb er- (“house + to be”) + *-miĺ → *eb ermiĺ (“(I guess/I heard that) it was a house.”).
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
Some of these may indicate that this suffix only survive in forms of *er- (“to be”).
- Common Turkic:
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: (-miş)
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Uzbek: emish
- Kipchak:
- Siberian:
References
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+mIş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Tekin, Talât (1968) A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, pages 179 and 192
- Erdal, Marcel (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 293