User:-sche/sugar
Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel, boulder”)
Ancient Greek: κρόκη (krókē, “pebbles”).
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćárkaraH
Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śárkaraH
Sanskrit: शर्करा (śarkarā) (and शर्कर (śarkara))
→ Bengali: শর্করা (śôrkôra)
→ Gujarati: શર્કરા (śarkarā)
→ Hindi: शर्करा (śarkarā)
→ Kannada: ಸಕ್ಕರೆ (sakkare), ಶರ್ಕರೆ (śarkare)
→ Malayalam: ചക്കരാ (cakkarā)
→ Indo-Portuguese: jágara, xagara, jagra
→ English: jaggery
→ French: jagré
→ Japanese: ジャガリー (jagarī), ジャッガリー (jaggarī)
→ Scottish Gaelic: seagaraidh
→ Serbo-Croatian: јаггери
→ Old Javanese: sarkara
Javanese: ꦱꦂꦏꦫ (sarkara)
→ Tamil: சர்க்கரை (carkkarai)
→ Telugu: చక్కెర (cakkera)
Gandhari: 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara)
→ Middle Persian:
Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (šqr /šakar/)
Book Pahlavi script: škl (škl /šakar/)
Persian: شکر (šakar)
→ Baluchi: شکر (šakkal)
→ Bashkir: шәкәр (şəkər)
→ Chechen: шекар (šekar)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: शक्कर (śakkar)
Urdu: شکر (śakkar)
→ Karachay-Balkar: шекер (şeker)
→ Kazakh: шекер (şeker)
→ Kumyk: шекер (şeker)
→ Kyrgyz: шекер (şeker)
→ Proto-Mongolic: *šiker (probably via a Turkic language)
Buryat: шэхэр (šexer)
East Yugur: shigir
Middle Mongol:
Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ (sikir), ᠰᠢᠬᠡᠷ (siker), ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷ (čikir)
Khalkha Mongolian: чихэр (čixer)
→ Southern Altai: чикир (čikir)
→ Tuvan: чигир (çigir)
Jerim: /ʃixər/
Juu Uda:
Baarin: /ʃixər/
Aru Khorchin: /t͡ʃʰixər/
Ulan Tsab: /t͡ʃixər/, /t͡ʃʰixər/
Shilingol: /t͡ʃixər/
Ordos: /ʃikxər/
→ Arabic: شيكر (šiker, šikir)
→ Chinese: 扯克兒 / 扯克儿 (čeker) (Beilu Yiyu)
→ Uyghur: شېكەر (shëker)
Written Oirat:
Kalmyk: шикр (şikr)
→ Southern Altai: шикир (šikir)
→ Ossetian: сӕкӕр (sækær)
→ Ottoman Turkish: شكر (şeker)
Turkish: şeker
→ Adyghe: шэкэр (šɛkɛr)
→ Albanian: sheqer
→ Armenian: շեքեր (šekʻer)
→ Azerbaijani: şəkər
→ Bulgarian: шеке́р (šekér)
→ Central Kurdish: شەکر (şekir)
→ Crimean Tatar: şeker
→ Gagauz: şeker
→ Macedonian: шеќер (šeḱer)
→ Northern Kurdish: şekir
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шећер
Latin script: šećer
→ Zazaki: şeker
→ Pashto: شکره (šakᶕra)
→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੱਕਰ (śakkar)
→ Shor: сакер (saker)
→ Tajik: шакар (šakar)
→ Tatar: шикәр (şikär)
→ Turkmen: şeker
→ Uzbek: shakar
→ Western Panjabi: شکر (śkr)
→ Arabic: سُكَّر (sukkar)
Andalusian Arabic: سكر (súkkar)
→ Aragonese: azúcar
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: açucar, acucar, açuquar, açuquare, açuquer, asuquare
Fala: azuca, azúcar
Galician: azucre
Portuguese: açúcar
→ Araweté: axuka
→ Guajajára: axuk
→ Kaingang: asuka
→ Old Tupi: asukiri
Nheengatu: asukirí
→ Papiamentu: suku
→ Old Spanish: açucar
Ladino: asúkuar
Spanish: azúcar
→ Cebuano: asukar
→ Guaraní: asuka
→ Hiligaynon: asúkar
→ Ilocano: asukar
→ Limos Kalinga: asukal
→ Quechua: asukar
→ Tagalog: asukal
→ Waray-Waray: asukar
→ Yucatec Maya: asukaar
Egyptian Arabic: سكر (sukar)
→ Amharic: ስኳር (səkʷar)
→ Bambara: sukaro, sugoro
→ Bole: sukur
→ Hausa: sukàrī
→ Hebrew: סוכר (sukár)
→ Latin: zuccarum
Gallo-Italic
Lombard: zuqer, zœqer
Italo-Dalmatian
Corsican: zuccheru, zuccaru
Istriot: soûcaro
Italian: zucchero
→ Middle Low German: sucker
German Low German: Sucker
Dutch Low Saxon: suker
Plautdietsch: Zocka
→ Danish: sukker
→ Faroese: sukur
→ Icelandic: sykur
→ Norwegian: sukker
→ Saterland Frisian: Sukker
→ Swedish: socker
→ Finnish: sokeri
→ West Frisian: sûker
Sicilian: zuccuru
Old French: çucre, chucre, sucre, zucre
Anglo-Norman: chucre
→ Cornish: sugra
→ Middle Irish: siúcra
Irish: siúcra
Manx: shugyr
Scottish Gaelic: siùcar
→ Welsh: siwgr
Middle French: sucre
French: sucre
Haitian Creole: sik
→ Danish: sucrose
→ English: sucrose
→ Malecite-Passamaquoddy: sukol (or from English)
→ Rade: sĭk
→ Middle English: sugre
English: sugar
Tok Pisin: suga
→ Abenaki: sogal
→ Cree: ᓲᑳᐤ (sôkâw)
→ Fijian: suka
→ Gilbertese: tioka
→ Inuktitut: ᓱᑲᒃ (sokak)
→ Maori: huka
→ Marshallese: juga
→ Samoan: suka
→ Shona: shuga
→ Sotho: tswekere
→ Tlingit: shóogaa
→ Tongan: suka
→ Tsonga: chukela
→ Tswana: sukiri
→ Wallisian: suka
→ Zulu: ushukela
Scots: succar
Norman: chucre
Walloon: souke
→ Aragonese: zucre
→ Asturian: zucre
→ Basque: azukre (influenced by Spanish azúcar)
→ Catalan: sucre
→ Lithuanian: cukrus
→ Latgalian: cukrys
→ Samogitian: sokros
→ Middle Breton: csucr
Breton: sukr
→ Middle Dutch: suicker, suker
Dutch: suiker
Afrikaans: suiker
→ Sotho: tswekere
→ Xhosa: iswekile
→ Munsee: šókəl
→ Unami: shukël (or from English)
Limburgish: sókker
→ Occitan: sucre
Middle French: sucre
French: sucre
Norman: chucre
Walloon: souke
Rhaeto-Romance
Friulian: zucar
Venetan: sùcaro
→ Old High German: zucker
Middle High German: zuker, zucker
Alemannic German: Zucker
Alsatian: Zucker
Swabian: Zuggå
Bavarian: Zugga
German: Zucker
→ Czech: cukr
→ Estonian: suhkur
→ Livonian: sukker
→ Latvian: cukurs
→ Livonian: tsukkõr
→ Hungarian: cukor
→ Lower Sorbian: cukor
→ Polish: cukier
→ Belarusian: цу́кар (cúkar)
→ Ukrainian: цу́кор (cúkor), цу́кар (cúkar), цу́кер (cúker), цу́кур (cúkur)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: цу̏кар, цу̏кер
Latin script: cȕkar, cȕker
→ Slovene: cuker
→ Slovak: cukor
→ Upper Sorbian: cokor
Luxembourgish: Zocker
Yiddish: צוקער (tsuker)
→ Romansch: zutger
→ Lingala: sukáli
→ Malay: sakar
Indonesian: sakar
→ Somali: sonkor
→ Swahili: sukari
→ Kikuyu: cukari
→ Rwanda-Rundi: isukari
→ Tigrinya: ሽኰር (šəkʷär)
→ Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܫܟܪ (šekkar)
→ Georgian: შაქარი (šakari)
→ Abkhaz: ашьақар (ašakar)
→ Svan: შაქარ (šakar)
→ Mingrelian: შანქარი (šankari)
→ Old Armenian: շաքար (šakʻar)
Middle Armenian: շաքար (šakʻar)
Armenian: շաքար (šakʻar)
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ހަކުރު (hakuru)
Sinhalese: හකුරු (hakuru), සකුරු (sakuru)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: শিকৰ (xikor)
⇒ Assamese: দাঁত-শিকৰ (dãt-xikor)
⇒ Assamese: শিকলিয়া (xikolia)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸 (sakkarā)
Konkani: साक्कर (sākkar)
Old Marathi: साकर (sākara)
Marathi: साखर (sākhar)
Pali: sakkharā
→ Ancient Greek: σάκχαρ (sákkhar)
Byzantine Greek: ζάχαρις (zákharis)
Greek: ζάχαρη (záchari)
→ Aromanian: zahari
→ Bulgarian: захар (zahar)
→ Romanian: zahăr
→ Coptic: ⲍⲁⲭⲣⲓ (zakhri)
→ Latin: saccharon
New Latin: saccharum
→ English: saccharin
→ Italian: saccarino
→ Translingual: Saccharum
→ Old East Slavic: сахаръ (saxarŭ)
Russian: сахар (saxar)
→ Chuvash: сахӑр (sah̬ăr)
→ Khakas: сахар (saxar)
→ Kildin Sami: сāхар (sāxar)
→ Moksha: захар (zahar)
→ Skolt Sami: säähhar
→ Ter Sami: sahar
→ Veps: sahar
→ Yakut: саахар (saaqar)
→ Yup'ik: caarralaq
→ Burmese: သကြား (sa.kra:)
→ Mon: သဂြာ (həkrɛ̀a)
→ Shan: ႀၵျႃး (θa1 kjaa4), သၵျႃး (sʰa1 kjaa4)
→ Khmer: សក្ខរា (sakkʰaʔraa), ស្ករ (skɑɑ)
→ Lao: ສັກຂະຣາ (sak kha rā)
Ashokan Prakrit:
Khasa Prakrit:
Nepali: सखर (sakhar)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Gujarati: સાકર (sākar)
Hindi: सकर (sakar), सक्कर (sakkar)