User:Malku H₂n̥rés/Proto-Berber/Good reconstructions

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Appendix:Berber Swadesh lists

Van Putten : Wiktionary

• sus. : shi
• cab. : kab
• che., chen. : cnu
• nef. : jbn
• ber., tam. : tzm
• auy., awy. : auj
• fig. : Ø
• gad. : gha
• siw. : siz
• cha. : shy
• rif. : rif
• mez. : mzb
• gua., guar. : Ø
• cen. (what?) : Ø
• zen. : zen
• izn. : Ø
• tu. : tmh
• tu. ah., tu. aha., aha. : thv
• tu. tan., tu. ad. : taq
• tu. ul. : ttq
• tu. ay. : thz
• sen. : sjs
• zua. : ber-zuw
• Timimún : Ø
• Ghomara : gho
• Ghat (as Gat) : tmh-ght
• seg. : Ø
• foc. : ber-fog
• (Mzab-Wargla: Figuig, Mzab, Wargla)

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Moroccan Amazigh:
    • Tashelhit:
  • Northwest Moroccan:
    • Ghomara:
    • Senhaja De Srair:
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig
    • Ayt Seghrouchen
    • Ayt ~Warain
    • Ayt Iznasen
  • Algerian:
    • Tachawit:
    • Northwestern:
      • Chenoua:
      • Beni Snus
      • Beni Menacer
      • Metmata
    • Northern Saharan Berber: (Mzab, Ouargla)
    • Guraga (Timinun)
  • Eastern Zenati:
    • Jerba
    • Tunisian Berber: (Duiret, Tamezret, Sened, Guelala), Guazin (Libya)
    • Zuwara:
    • Jefren
    • Libyan:
      • Sokna:
      • Fogaha:
    • Siwi:
• Tuareg:
  • Tamahaq: (Ahaggar)
  • Tamasheq: (Adagh, Taneslemt)
  • Tamajaq:
    • Tawellemmet:
    • Tayert:
    • Tudalt
  • Ghat: (and Janet?)
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames:
  • Nefusa:
• Awjila:
• Eastern:
  • Tetserret:
  • Zenaga:
• Para-Berber:
  • Guanche:
  • Numidian:

*ărnəβ (perfect *ərnăβ)

1. to defeat, vanquish, conquer

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵏⵔⵓ (nru) (with metathesis)
    • Tashelhit: ⵔⵏⵓ (rnu)
  • Kabyle: ərnu
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: ərni
  • Algerian:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: ərni (Mzab), ərni Ouargla)

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 271

Perhaps cognate with Egyptian rwt and Proto-Semitic *dalt-.

*ta-βur-t f

1. door, gate

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔⵜ (taggurt), ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵜ (tawwurt), ⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔ (aggur)
    • Tashelhit: ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵯⵓⵔⵜ (taggʷurt), ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵜ (tawwurt)
  • Kabyle: tabburt
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit: tawurt
  • Algerian:
    • Northwestern:
      • Chenoua: hawurt
    • Northern Saharan Berber: tawurt (Mzab and Ouargla)

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 273

Perhaps related to *a-ǵăḍiḍ (“bird”).

*a-ǵăʔdăr m (plural *i-ǵăʔdăr-(iw)-ăn)

1. eagle
   1. (Neophron percnopterus) Egyptian vulture

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⴳⵉⴷⵔ (igidr)
    • Tashelhit: ⵉⴳⵉⴷⵔ (igidr), ⵉⴳⴰⴷⵔⵉⵡⵏ (igadriwn)
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
  • Algerian:
    • Tachawit: židər, plural ižidərən
    • Northwestern:
      • Chenoua: židər
• Tuareg: eǵădăr, eğădăr, plural iğădăran
• Eastern:
  • Zenaga: aǵoʔḏär, ägoʔḏər, plural əgoʔḏərän

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, pages 250, 280

*əḍḱur

1. to fill

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵜⴽⵓⵔ (tkur)
    • Tashelhit: ⵜⴽⴰⵔ (tkar)
  • Kabyle: ččaṛ
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: ččaṛ
  • Algerian:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: šar (Mzab), ššar (Ouargla)
• Tuareg: ăṭkăr
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames: əṭkur
• Awjila: ətkər

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 248

*a-năβǵe m

1. host
2. guest

I think it's *an-ăβǵeβ. Anyway, I shall go back to this reconstruction later.

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: anəbgi
    • Tashelhit: inbgi, anbgi, inbgu
  • Kabyle: inəbgi
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit: anəwžiw
    • Figuig: anəwži
  • Algerian:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: anižiw (Ouargla)

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 250

*ăβdər

1. to mention

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴱⴷⵔ (bdr)
    • Tashelhit: ⴱⴷⵔ (bdr)
  • Kabyle: bder
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: bdər
  • Algerian:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: bdər (Mzab and Ouargla)
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames: ăβdər

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 270

• *a-gugil

*a-gugel m

1. orphan

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit: ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ (agujil), ⴰⴳⵓⴳⵉⵍ (agugil), ⵉⴳⵉⴳⵉⵍ (igigil)
  • Kabyle: agužil
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit: ayujir
    • Figuig: ayužil
• Tuareg: ăğušil
  • Tamahaq: ăguhil (Ahaggar)
  • Tamajaq:
    • Tawellemmet: agugel
    • Tayert: əgugel
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Nefusa: gužil

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, pages 252, 301

Possibly borrowed from Latin corvus. Ultimately of onomatopoeic origin.

*a-ǵăʔrfi m

1. raven

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit:
  • Kabyle: tagerfa
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: žarfi
  • Algerian:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: ažərfi (Ouargla)
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames: oǵărf
• Awjila: tagirft

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 249

*a-ǵăʔdəʔ m

1. sand, dune

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit: ⵉⴳⵉⴷⵉ (igidi)
  • Kabyle: iždi (perhaps a Zenati borrowing)
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit: iždi
    • Northern Saharan Berber: iždi (Mzab)
• Tuareg: eǵedi, əǵedi

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 250

*ta-ḱrədə-t f

1. spike (ear of grain)

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵢⴷⵔⵜ (taydrt)
    • Tashelhit: ⵜⴰⵢⴷⵔⵜ (taydrt)
  • Kabyle: tayedrett
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: taydrt
• Awjila: təkədírt

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 246

*aɣŭnga m

1. spoon, scoop
2. ladle

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵖⵏⵊⴰ (aɣnja)
    • Tashelhit: ⴰⵖⵯⵏⵊⴰ (aɣʷnja)
  • Kabyle: (/⁠aɣʷənža⁠/)
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: aɣənža
  • Algerian:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: aɣənža (Mzab), aɣənža (Ouargla)

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 252

Borrowed from Punic 𐤂𐤃𐤓 (gdr).

*aʔ-gadir or *a-ǵăʔdir m

1. wall
2. Agadir (a city in Morocco)

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ (agadir)
    • Tashelhit: ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ (agadir)
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
• Tuareg: ăǵadir
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames: oǵadir
• → English: Agadir

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 249

*head

1. ]

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit:
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig:
    • Ayt Seghrouchen:
    • Ayt Iznasen:
  • Algerian:
    • Northwestern:
      • Chenoua:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: (Mzab, Ouargla)
  • Eastern Zenati:
    • Zuwara:
    • Siwi:
• Tuareg:
  • Tamahaq: (Ahaggar)
  • Tamasheq: (Adagh, Taneslemt)
  • Tamajaq:
    • Tawellemmet:
    • Tayert:
    • Tudalt:
  • Ghat: (and Janet?)
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames:
  • Nefusa:
• Awjila:
• Eastern:
  • Zenaga:
• Para-Berber:
  • Guanche:
  • Numidian:

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN