Inherited from Middle French brusler “to burn” from Old French brusler, bruller (“to burn”), a conflation of bruir (“to burn”) (from Frankish *brōjan (“to burn, scald”), from Proto-Germanic *brōaną “to scald”, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrew- “to boil, seethe”), and usler (“to scorch”), from Latin ustulāre (“to scorch”).
Compare also Italian bruciare, from a Vulgar Latin form *brusiō, which is probably related, as well as brustolare. The initial br- has had other origins proposed, such as from a Gaulish source, or from a corruption of a form *combustulāre, from a change of prefix of ambustulāre, influenced by combustus. Akin to German brühen (“to scald”), Dutch broeien (“to heat”). More at broil, brew.
brûler
| infinitive | simple | brûler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | brûlant /bʁy.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | brûlé /bʁy.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brûle /bʁyl/ |
brûles /bʁyl/ |
brûle /bʁyl/ |
brûlons /bʁy.lɔ̃/ |
brûlez /bʁy.le/ |
brûlent /bʁyl/ |
| imperfect | brûlais /bʁy.lɛ/ |
brûlais /bʁy.lɛ/ |
brûlait /bʁy.lɛ/ |
brûlions /bʁy.ljɔ̃/ |
brûliez /bʁy.lje/ |
brûlaient /bʁy.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | brûlai /bʁy.le/ |
brûlas /bʁy.la/ |
brûla /bʁy.la/ |
brûlâmes /bʁy.lam/ |
brûlâtes /bʁy.lat/ |
brûlèrent /bʁy.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | brûlerai /bʁyl.ʁe/ |
brûleras /bʁyl.ʁa/ |
brûlera /bʁyl.ʁa/ |
brûlerons /bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/ |
brûlerez /bʁyl.ʁe/ |
brûleront /bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | brûlerais /bʁyl.ʁɛ/ |
brûlerais /bʁyl.ʁɛ/ |
brûlerait /bʁyl.ʁɛ/ |
brûlerions /bʁy.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
brûleriez /bʁy.lə.ʁje/ |
brûleraient /bʁyl.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brûle /bʁyl/ |
brûles /bʁyl/ |
brûle /bʁyl/ |
brûlions /bʁy.ljɔ̃/ |
brûliez /bʁy.lje/ |
brûlent /bʁyl/ |
| imperfect2 | brûlasse /bʁy.las/ |
brûlasses /bʁy.las/ |
brûlât /bʁy.la/ |
brûlassions /bʁy.la.sjɔ̃/ |
brûlassiez /bʁy.la.sje/ |
brûlassent /bʁy.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | brûle /bʁyl/ |
— | brûlons /bʁy.lɔ̃/ |
brûlez /bʁy.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
From Old French brusler (“to burn”).
brûler (gerund brûl'lie)