búcsú
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See also: Bucsu
Hungarian
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *boĺ (“empty, free”). Its meaning developed from the original “exemption” in two ways:
- permission to leave → bidding farewell → farewell, and
- absolution, remission → pilgrimage for this goal → commemoration → the feast on this occasion.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
búcsú (countable and uncountable, plural búcsúk)
- (obsolete) exemption, permission[1] [2]
- farewell
- Synonyms: búcsúzás, elbúcsúzás, elköszönés, istenhozzád
- Búcsú a fegyverektől ― A Farewell to Arms (a novel by Ernest Hemingway)
- (Roman Catholicism) indulgence (a pardon or release from the expectation of punishment in purgatory, after the sinner has been granted absolution)
- (religion, dated or folksy) parish feast, church fair, kirmess
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | búcsú | búcsúk |
| accusative | búcsút | búcsúkat |
| dative | búcsúnak | búcsúknak |
| instrumental | búcsúval | búcsúkkal |
| causal-final | búcsúért | búcsúkért |
| translative | búcsúvá | búcsúkká |
| terminative | búcsúig | búcsúkig |
| essive-formal | búcsúként | búcsúkként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | búcsúban | búcsúkban |
| superessive | búcsún | búcsúkon |
| adessive | búcsúnál | búcsúknál |
| illative | búcsúba | búcsúkba |
| sublative | búcsúra | búcsúkra |
| allative | búcsúhoz | búcsúkhoz |
| elative | búcsúból | búcsúkból |
| delative | búcsúról | búcsúkról |
| ablative | búcsútól | búcsúktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
búcsúé | búcsúké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
búcsúéi | búcsúkéi |
| Possessive forms of búcsú | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | búcsúm | búcsúim |
| 2nd person sing. | búcsúd | búcsúid |
| 3rd person sing. | búcsúja | búcsúi |
| 1st person plural | búcsúnk | búcsúink |
| 2nd person plural | búcsútok | búcsúitok |
| 3rd person plural | búcsújuk | búcsúik |
Derived terms
Compound words
Expressions
Descendants
- Romanian: bulciug n
See also
- Bulcsú (male given name)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 búcsú in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ In the sense “permission” (engedély, Erlaubnis) in particular: búcsú in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
Further reading
- (farewell): búcsú in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (indulgence; parish feast): búcsú in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- búcsú in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).