calculus

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English

English Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia Wikipedia

Etymology

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈkæl.kjʊ.ləs/
  • (General American) IPA(key): /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: cal‧cu‧lus

Noun

calculus (countable and uncountable, plural calculi or calculuses)

  1. (dated, countable) Calculation; computation.
    Synonyms: ciphering, reckoning; see also Thesaurus:calculation
  2. (countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules.
    lambda calculus
    predicate calculus
  3. (uncountable, often definite, the calculus) Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject.
    Synonym: infinitesimal calculus
    Near-synonyms: analysis, mathematical analysis
  5. (countable, medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ.
    Synonym: stone
    Hyponyms: kidney stone, nephrolith, gallstone, cholelith, sialolith, urolith
    • 2015, Jaime Samour, Avian Medicine, page 297:
      Commonly indicated for treatment of sour crop (Fig. 11-11, A), an ingluviotomy is done to retrieve crop calculi, ingluvioliths, or foreign bodies (which are not accessible per os) or to retrieve proventricular or ventricular foreign bodies (using micromagnets [glued in place within plastic tubes], lavage, or endoscopy) and for the placement of an ingluviotomy or proventriculotomy tube or the collection of crop wall biopsies.
  6. (uncountable, dentistry) Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth.
    Synonyms: dental calculus, tartar
  7. (countable) A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm.
    • 2008 December 16, “Cameron calls for bankers’ ‘day of reckoning’”, in Financial Times:
      The Tory leader refused to state how many financiers he thought should end up in jail, saying: “There is not some simple calculus."

Derived terms

Translations

See also

References

  1. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “calculus”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  2. ^ https://simplymaths.wordpress.com/2012/06/20/what-does-it-mean-calculus/

Latin

Etymology

From calx, calcis (“limestone, game counter”) +‎ -ulus (diminutive suffix).

Pronunciation

Noun

calculus m (genitive calculī); second declension

  1. diminutive of calx
  2. pebble, stone
  3. reckoning, calculating, calculation
  4. a piece in the latrunculi game

Declension

Second-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative calculus calculī
genitive calculī calculōrum
dative calculō calculīs
accusative calculum calculōs
ablative calculō calculīs
vocative calcule calculī

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • “calculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “calculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • calculus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • calculus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to go through accounts, make a valuation of a thing: ad calculos vocare aliquid (Amic. 16. 58)
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