algebra

English

Etymology

From Medieval Latin algebrāica, from Arabic word الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”) in the title of al-Khwarizmi's influential work الْكِتَاب الْمُخْتَصَر فِي حِسَاب الْجَبْر وَالْمُقَابَلَة (al-kitāb al-muḵtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, “The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈæl.dʒɪ.bɹə/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈæl.d͡ʒɪ.bɹə/, /ˈæl.d͡ʒə.bɹə/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

English Wikipedia has an article on:

algebra

Wikipedia

Noun

algebra (countable and uncountable, plural algebras)

1. (uncountable, mathematics) Elementary algebra: A system for representing and manipulating unknown quantities (variables) in equations.
   • 1551, James A.H. Murray, editor, A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society.‎, volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1888, Part 1, page 217:

     Also the rule of false position, with dyuers examples not only vulgar, but some appertaynyng to the rule of Algeber.

   • 1854, George Boole, “Signs and their Laws”, in An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, on which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities‎, London: Walton and Maberly, page 37:

     Let us conceive, then, of an Algebra in which the symbols x, y, z, &c. admit indifferently of the values 0 and 1, and of these values alone.

2. (uncountable, mathematics, sometimes capitalized) Abstract algebra: A broad field of study in modern mathematics (often mentioned alongside analysis) loosely characterized by its concern for abstraction and symmetry, dealing with the behavior, classification, and application of a large class of objects (called algebraic structures) and the maps between them (called, most generally, morphisms).
3. (countable, mathematics, algebra) Any of several objects of study in Algebra
   1. A universal algebra.
   2. An algebraic structure consisting of a module over a commutative ring (or a vector space over a field) along with an additional binary operation that is bilinear over module (or vector) addition and scalar multiplication.

      Synonyms: algebra over a field, algebra over a ring

4. (countable, set theory, mathematical analysis) A collection of subsets of a given set, such that this collection contains the empty set, and the collection is closed under unions and complements (and thereby also under intersections and differences).

   Synonyms: field of sets, algebra of sets

   Hypernym: ring

   Hyponym: σ-algebra

5. (figurative) A system or process (especially one that is complex or convoluted) that substitutes one thing for another, or uses signs or symbols to represent concepts or ideas.
   • 1663, William Clark, edited by William Hugh Logan, Marciano; or, The discovery: A tragi-comedy‎, Edinburgh: Reprinted for Private Circulation, published 1871, →ISBN, page 13:

     Fly ! Fly ! avaunt with that base cowardly gibbrish ; That Algebra of honour ; which had never Been nam'd, if all had equal courage—what?

6. (uncountable, medicine, historical, rare) The surgical treatment of a dislocated or fractured bone. Also (countable): a dislocation or fracture.
   • a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie."‎, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:

     Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.

   • 1987, John Newsome Crossley, “Latency”, in The emergence of number‎, Singapore: World Scientific, →ISBN, Al-Khwarizwi, page 65:

     Algebra is used today by surgeons to mean bone-setting, i.e. the restoration of bones, and the idea of restoration is present in the mathematical context, too.

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Anagrams

• Labarge

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”); see also the English algebra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

algebra f

1. algebra

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

• algebra in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• algebra in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin algebra, from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr).

Noun

algebra c (singular definite algebraen, not used in plural form)

1. (mathematics) algebra (using symbols)
2. (mathematics) algebra (study of algebraical structures)

Declension

Dutch

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:

algebra

Wikipedia ^nl

Etymology

From Middle Dutch algebra, from Latin algebra, from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑl.ɣəˌbraː/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: al‧ge‧bra

Noun

algebra f (uncountable)

1. (mathematics) algebra

   Synonyms: stelkunde, stelkunst

Derived terms

• algebraïcus
• algebraïsch
• algebraïst
• lineaire algebra

Finnish

Etymology

From New Latin algebra, from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑlɡebrɑ/,
• Rhymes: -ɑlɡebrɑ
• Syllabification^(key): al‧geb‧ra

Noun

algebra

1. algebra

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• “algebra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Hungarian

Etymology

From Latin algebra, from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: al‧geb‧ra
• Rhymes: -rɒ

Noun

algebra

1. (mathematics) algebra (a system for computation using letters or other symbols to represent numbers, with rules for manipulating these symbols)
2. (education) algebra (the study of algebra as a school subject)

   Tudnál segíteni algebrában? ― Could you help me with my algebra?

Declension

Derived terms

• algebrai

References

Further reading

• algebra in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• algebra in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

Italian

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:

algebra

Wikipedia ^it

Etymology

From Medieval Latin algebra, from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈal.d͡ʒe.bra/
• Rhymes: -aldʒebra
• Hyphenation: àl‧ge‧bra

Noun

algebra f (plural algebre)

1. algebra

Related terms

• algebrico
• algebrista

Anagrams

• alberga

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈal.ɡe.bra/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈal.d͡ʒe.bra/,

Noun

algebra f (genitive algebrae); first declension

1. (Medieval Latin, New Latin) algebra

Declension

First-declension noun.

References

• algebra in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Latvian

 algebra on Latvian Wikipedia

Etymology

Via other European languages, ultimately from Medieval Latin algebra, from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”) in the title of al-Khwarizmi's influential work الْكِتَاب الْمُخْتَصَر فِي حِسَاب اَلْجَبْر وَالْمُقَابَلَة (al-kitāb al-muḵtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, “The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

algebra f (4th declension)

1. algebra is a branch of mathematics that studies generic numbers ('variables') regardless of their actual numeric value; the corresponding school subject

   algebras formula ― algebraic formula

   algebras specialists ― algebra specialist

   algebras mācību grāmata ― algebra textbook

   algebras stunda ― algebra class, lesson

   risināt, atrisināt algebras uzdevumu ― to solve an algebra problem

   algebra ir viena no matematikas pamatnozarēm ― algebra is one of the fundamental branches of mathematics

Declension

Derived terms

• algebrisks

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:

algebra

Wikipedia ^no

Etymology

From Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr), via Medieval Latin algebra.

Noun

algebra m (definite singular algebraen, indefinite plural algebraer, definite plural algebraene)

1. (mathematics) algebra
2. an algebra textbook

Derived terms

• algebraisk
• lineær algebra

References

• “algebra” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:

algebra

Wikipedia ⁿⁿ

Etymology

From Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr), via Medieval Latin algebra.

Noun

algebra m (definite singular algebraen, indefinite plural algebraer, definite plural algebraene)

1. (mathematics) algebra
2. an algebra textbook

Derived terms

• algebraisk
• lineær algebra

References

• “algebra” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

algebra

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Internationalism; compare English algebra. Possibly borrowed from German Algebra, French algèbre, or Spanish álgebra, ultimately from Medieval Latin algebra, from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr) “reunion”, “resetting of broken parts”, used in the title of al-Khwarizmi’s influential work الْكِتَاب الْمُخْتَصَر فِي حِسَاب الْجَبْر وَالْمُقَابَلَة (al-kitāb al-muḵtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, “the compendious book on restoration and equating like with like”). First attested in 1654–1676.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /alˈɡɛb.ra/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛbra
• Syllabification: al‧geb‧ra

Noun

algebra f

1. algebra (field of mathematics)

Declension

Derived terms

Collocations

References

Further reading

• algebra in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• algebra in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “algiebra”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “algiebra”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “algiebra”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 24

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǎlɡeːbra/
• Hyphenation: al‧ge‧bra

Noun

àlgēbra f (Cyrillic spelling а̀лге̄бра)

1. algebra

Declension

Spanish

Noun

algebra

1. Misspelling of álgebra.

Swedish

Noun

algebra c

1. (mathematics) algebra

Declension

Related terms

• algebraisk
• relationsalgebra