doucai

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Old Irish

Etymology

From to- +‎ Proto-Celtic *unketi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁unékti, *h₁unkénti (“to get used to, learn”, nasal infix present) from the root *h₁ewk-. Cognate with Sanskrit उच्यति (ucyati, “to be accustomed”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biuhts, “accustomed”), Old Church Slavonic оучити (učiti, “to teach”) and вꙑкнѫти (vyknǫti, “to acclimate; to learn”), and Lithuanian jùnkti (“get used to”).[1]

Often held to be a specialized sense of do·uic (“has brought”), the perfect of do·beir, and so listed in the Dictionary of the Irish Language; however the accuracy of this is questioned by some scholars.

Pronunciation

Verb

do·ucai (prototonic ·tuccai)

  1. to understand
    Synonym: as·gnin
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 91c1
      No scrútain-se, in tan no mbíinn isnaib fochaidib, dús in retarscar cairde ṅDǽ ⁊ a remcaissiu, ⁊ ní tucus-sa insin, in ru·etarscar fa naic.
      I used to consider, when I was in the tribulations, whether the covenant of God and his providence had departed, and I didn't understand whether it had departed or not.

Conjugation

Complex, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
1st sg. 2nd sg. 3rd sg. 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. Passive sg. Passive pl.
Present indicative Deut. do·ucci, do·hucci, du·ucai do·ucet do·ucthar, do·hucthar, du·ucthar, tu·ucthar
Prot. ·tucu ·tucci, ·tuicci, ·tucai, ·tuccai ·tucat, ·tuccat ·tucthar ·tuctar, ·tucatar
Imperfect indicative Deut.
Prot. ·tuctais
Preterite Deut.
Prot. ·tucus ·tucsid ·tucsat, ·tuicset
Perfect Deut.
Prot.
Future Deut.
Prot. ·tucfa do·ucbaid ·tuccfither
Conditional Deut.
Prot.
Present subjunctive Deut. do·uccam do·ucthar, do·hucthar, du·ucthar, tu·ucthar
Prot. ·tuc ·tucce, ·tuicce, ·tucca ·tucid, ·tuccid, ·ducaid
Past subjunctive Deut. ·ducthe
Prot. ·tuccin ·tucmis
Imperative
Verbal noun
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: tuicid

Mutation

Mutation of doucai
radical lenition nasalization
do·ucai
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) 		unchanged do·n-ucai

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*u-n-k-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 400

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia