enfoncer

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French

Etymology

From en- +‎ fond +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

enfoncer

  1. (transitive) to push in, to press in, to drive in
  2. (transitive) to break open, to break down
    • 1846, Louis Reybaud, Jérôme Paturot‎:
      Ouvrez, ou j’enfonce la porte.
      Open up, or I'll break down the door.
  3. (transitive) to defeat, to thrash
  4. (intransitive) to sink down
  5. (reflexive, s'enfoncer) to bury oneself; to immerse oneself
  6. (reflexive, s'enfoncer) to go into the heart (of a region, country etc.)
  7. (reflexive, s'enfoncer) to give in; to yield (before power)

Conjugation

This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.

Conjugation of enfoncer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple enfoncer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple enfonçant
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle enfoncé
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present enfonce
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ 		enfonces
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ 		enfonce
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ 		enfonçons
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɔ̃/ 		enfoncez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/ 		enfoncent
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/
imperfect enfonçais
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/ 		enfonçais
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/ 		enfonçait
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/ 		enfoncions
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sjɔ̃/ 		enfonciez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sje/ 		enfonçaient
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/
past historic2 enfonçai
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/ 		enfonças
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa/ 		enfonça
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa/ 		enfonçâmes
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sam/ 		enfonçâtes
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sat/ 		enfoncèrent
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛʁ/
future enfoncerai
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁe/ 		enfonceras
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁa/ 		enfoncera
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁa/ 		enfoncerons
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/ 		enfoncerez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁe/ 		enfonceront
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/
conditional enfoncerais
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/ 		enfoncerais
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/ 		enfoncerait
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/ 		enfoncerions
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		enfonceriez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sə.ʁje/ 		enfonceraient
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present enfonce
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ 		enfonces
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ 		enfonce
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ 		enfoncions
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sjɔ̃/ 		enfonciez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sje/ 		enfoncent
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/
imperfect2 enfonçasse
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sas/ 		enfonçasses
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sas/ 		enfonçât
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa/ 		enfonçassions
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/ 		enfonçassiez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa.sje/ 		enfonçassent
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — enfonce
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ 		— enfonçons
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɔ̃/ 		enfoncez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

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