etc.
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English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle English et cetera, etc., from Latin etc., an abbreviation of et cetera (“and the rest ; and the other things”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˌɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, /ɪt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, (see usage notes) /ˌɛkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, /ɪkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/
Audio (US) (file)
Phrase
etc.
- And so on: used to note that the rest of a list or piece of information has been left out on the assumption that it is similar or already known.
- Synonym: asf
- The grocery shop sells cucumbers, lettuce, radishes, etc.
- The plagiarism was painfully obvious: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times," etc.
Usage notes
- "Etc." is typically read out as the full Latin phrase et cetera rather than as letters (as with "i.e.") or as a contraction (as with "et seq."). It is, however, sometimes read out as its English calque and so on (as with "e.g.").
- In Latin, et cetera refers solely to other things. It is therefore properly avoided in lists of people, where "et al." (that is, et alii) is used instead. "Et al." is thus sometimes sharply distinguished from "etc." in English, although the same abbreviation can also stand for the Latin et alia, which is a synonym of "etc."
- Because "etc." effectively makes a list exhaustive, it is properly avoided when using other abbreviations (such as "e.g." and "viz.") that offer partial examples. If the "etc." is desired, "i.e." may be used in their places.
- Some speakers use a /k/ sound in place of the /t/ in the first word. This is usually proscribed and somewhat stigmatized. It is represented in eye dialect as "excetera", "exetera", or "ekcetera".
Synonyms
- ...
- and so forth
- and so on
- and the rest
- blah blah blah
- et al. (sometimes distinguished: see the usage notes)
- you name it
Coordinate terms
Translations
and so on — see also and so forth
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See also
Anagrams
Danish
Etymology
Adverb
etc.
Synonyms
Fala
Etymology
Probably borrowed from Spanish etc., itself an abbreviation of Latin et cētera.
Adverb
etc.
- etc. (and the rest; and so forth)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: Nossa Fala:
- Por siglus, a xienti de capital (rica) i as mismas Instituciós (Iglexiia, Escuelas, Xiusticia, funcionarius, etc.) tiñan a fala cumu algo de ignorantis, atrasaus, vulgariai.
- For centuries, the people from the capital (rich) and the same institutions (Church, Schools, Justice, public servants, etc.) held Fala as something of ignorant people, backward people, vulgarity.
French
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛt.se.te.ʁa/, (proscribed) /ɛk.se.te.ʁa/
- (Quebec) IPA(key): /ɛt.se.te.ʁa/, (informal) /ɛt.ʃe.te.ʁa/
Audio (file) Audio (Switzerland) (file)
Adverb
etc.
- et cetera (and so on)
Anagrams
German
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Adverb
etc.
Hungarian
Etymology
An abbreviation of Hungarian etcetera, from Latin et cetera (“and the rest ; and the other things”).
Pronoun
etc.
Synonyms
Latin
Alternative forms
Adverb
etc.
Middle English
Phrase
etc.
- Alternative form of et cetera
Polish
Pronunciation
Phrase
etc.
Related terms
Further reading
- etc. in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- etc. in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Phrase
etc.
Spanish
Alternative forms
Adverb
etc.
- Abbreviation of etcétera.
Swedish
Adverb
etc.
- Abbreviation of et cetera. Abbreviation of etcetera.