kaušas

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Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)koHw-ḱ-óm (“bucket”), which Derksen takes as an extension of the root *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”). Cognate with Latvian kauss (“cup; ladle”), as well as Russian ковш (kovš, “scoop, ladle; bucket”), Finnish kauha (“ladle”) (Baltic borrowings), and Sanskrit कोश (kośa, “cask, bucket, box”);[1] compare also Armenian կուժ (kuž, “jug”).[2] Despite similar phonetics and semantics, not related to Ancient Greek καῦκος (kaûkos, “cup”) or Irish cuach (“bowl, goblet”).

Pronunciation

Noun

káušas m (plural kaušai) stress pattern 1

  1. bucket (of an excavator or other machinery)
    Skreperio pagrindinės dalys yra prikabinamasis įrengimas, traukos rėmas, kaušas ir kaušo valdymo mechanizmas.
    The main parts of the scraper are the hitch, traction frame, the bucket and the bucket control mechanism.
  2. ladle, dipper
    kaušas vandens ― a ladle of water
    kaušas miltų ― a dipper of flour
  3. big cup
    Gėrė midų iš kaušų. ― They drank mead from big cups.
  4. fishing net, a scoop-like net for catching fish

Usage notes

  • While samtis can also mean "ladle", kaušas is generally considered larger than a samtis.

Declension

Declension of káušas
singular (vienaskaita) plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas) káušas káušai
genitive (kilmininkas) káušo káušų
dative (naudininkas) káušui káušams
accusative (galininkas) káušą káušus
instrumental (įnagininkas) káušu káušais
locative (vietininkas) káuše káušuose
vocative (šauksmininkas) káuše káušai

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Polish: kowsz
  • → Old East Slavic: ковшь (kovšĭ)

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “kaušas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 234
  2. ^ “kaušas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

Further reading

  • “kaušas”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
  • “kaušas”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2024
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