kraštas
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Lithuanian
Etymology
Cognate with Latvian krasts (“coast, brink”), with further origin disputed:
- Buga and Smoczynski derive the word from an o-grade of the root kreš- found in krešė́ti (“to coagulate, clot and dry”).[1] The semantic link is perhaps that the edge or "shore" of a country near water is "dried up" compared to the waters it is surrounded by.
- However, Endzelin and Fraenkel are skeptical of the semantics of the above derivation, with the latter instead deriving the word from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-t- (“to cut off, separate”).[2] This is supported by Minissi and Toporov.[3]
Pronunciation
Noun
krãštas m (plural kraštaĩ) stress pattern 4
- rim, brim
- Synonym: pakraštys
- edge, extremity
- land, country
- Synonym: šalis
- shore, bank
- Synonym: krantas
- side
Declension
Declension of krãštas
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | krãštas | kraštaĩ |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | krãšto | kraštų̃ |
| dative (naudininkas) | krãštui | kraštáms |
| accusative (galininkas) | krãštą | kraštùs |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | kraštù | kraštaĩs |
| locative (vietininkas) | kraštè | kraštuosè |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | krãšte | kraštaĩ |
References
- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “krãštas”, in Słownik etymologiczny je̜zyka litewskiego (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 308
- ^ Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) “krãštas”, in Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume I, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 289
- ^ “kraštas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012