rhoi

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Welsh

Alternative forms

Etymology

Earlier rhoddi, from a conflation of two separate stems:

  1. Middle Welsh roi (“to give”), from Proto-Brythonic *rroɣid (compare Cornish ri (“to give”), Breton reiñ (“to give”)), from Proto-Celtic *rogīti (“to extend forward”) (compare Old Irish rogaid (“to extend”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵéyeti (“to straighten”)
  2. Middle Welsh rodi (“to give”), from Proto-Brythonic *rrodid (deuterotonic), *rröð (prototonic); from Proto-Celtic *ɸro-dīti (“to put forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti (“to put”)

Pronunciation

Verb

rhoi (first-person singular present rhof or rhoddaf)

  1. to give
    Mae Siân yn rhoi siocled i Siôn eleni.
    Siân is giving Siôn chocolate this year.
  2. to put, to place
    Synonym: dodi
    Rhoddodd hi’r pethau ar y bwrdd.
    She put the things on the table.

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future rhof, rhoddaf rhoi, rhoddi rhy, rhydd, dyry rhown, rhoddwn rhowch, rhoddwch rhônt, rhont, rhoddant rhoir, rhoddir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional rhown, rhoddwn rhoit, rhoddit rhôi, rhoddai rhoem, rhoddem rhoech, rhoddech rhoent, rhoddent rhoid, rhoddid
preterite rhois, rhoddais rhoist, rhoddaist rhoes, rhodd, rhoddodd, rhoddes (obsolete) rhoesom, rhoddasom rhoesoch, rhoddasoch rhoesant, rhoddasant rhoed, rhowd, rhoddwyd, rhodded
pluperfect rhoeswn, rhoddaswn rhoesit, rhoddasit rhoesai, rhoddasai rhoesem, rhoddasem rhoesech, rhoddasech rhoesent, rhoddasent rhoesid, rhoddesid
present subjunctive rhowyf, rhoddwyf rhoech, rhoddych, rhoddech rho, rhoddo, rhotho rhôm, rhoddom rhoch, rhoddoch rhônt, rhoddont rhoer, rhodder
imperative — rho, dyro rhoed, rhodded rhown, rhoddwn rhowch, rhoddwch rhoent, rhoddent rhoer, rhodder
verbal noun rhoi
verbal adjectives rhoddedig
rhoddadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future rhodda i,
rhoddaf i 		rhoddi di rhoddith o/e/hi,
rhoddiff e/hi 		rhoddwn ni rhoddwch chi rhoddan nhw
conditional rhoddwn i,
rhoddswn i 		rhoddet ti,
rhoddset ti 		rhoddai fo/fe/hi,
rhoddsai fo/fe/hi 		rhodden ni,
rhoddsen ni 		rhoddech chi,
rhoddsech chi 		rhodden nhw,
rhoddsen nhw
preterite rhoddais i,
rhoddes i 		rhoddaist ti,
rhoddest ti 		rhoddodd o/e/hi rhoddon ni rhoddoch chi rhoddon nhw
imperative — rho,
rhodda 		— — rhoddwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

See also

Mutation

Mutated forms of rhoi
radical soft nasal aspirate
rhoi roi unchanged unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “rhoddaf, rhof: rhoddi, rhoi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  2. ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 280
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