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English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Possibly from French triomphe (“triumph”) or Old French triumphe. If so, it is a doublet of triumph and thriambus. Compare German Trumpf.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Noun
trump (plural trumps)
- (card games) The suit, in a game of cards, that outranks all others.
Diamonds were declared trump(s).
1730, Jonathan Swift, “Death And Daphne,”, in Some Verse Pieces:And now her Heart with Pleasure jumps,
She scarce remembers what is Trumps.
- (card games) A playing card of that suit.
He played an even higher trump.
- (figuratively) Something that gives one an advantage, especially one held in reserve.
- (colloquial, now rare) An excellent person; a fine fellow, a good egg.
1838, Abraham Lincoln, “Address Before the Young Men's Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois”, in The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions, archived from the original on 5 February 2013:[W]e permitted no hostile foot to pass over or desecrate his resting place; shall be that which to learn the last trump shall awaken our WASHINGTON.
- An old card game, almost identical to whist; the game of ruff.
c. 1529, Hugh Latimer, Sermons on the Card:There be many one that breaketh this carde, […] and playeth there with oftentimes at the blinde trompe, wherby they be no winners but great losers
1598, John Florio, “Trump”, in A Worlde of Words, or Most Copious, and Exact Dictionarie in Italian and English, , London: Arnold Hatfield for Edw Blount, →OCLC:Trionfo, […] also a trump at cards, or the play called trump or ruff.
- A card of the major arcana of the tarot.
Usage notes
For the top-ranking suit as a whole, American usage favors the singular trump and British usage the plural trumps.
Derived terms
Translations
suit that outranks all others
- Albanian: atu (sq) f
- Arabic: وَرَقَة رَابِحَة f (waraqa rābiḥa)
- Armenian: հաղթաթուղթ (hy) (haġtʻatʻuġtʻ), կոզիր (hy) (kozir) (colloquial), ղոզ (ġoz) (dialectal)
- Azerbaijani: kozır, baş xal
- Bashkir: уйын (uyın)
- Belarusian: ко́зыр m (kózyr)
- Bulgarian: коз m (koz)
- Burmese: ဝှက်ဖဲ (my) (hwakhpai:)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 王牌 (zh) (wángpái)
- Czech: trumf m
- Danish: trumf c
- Dutch: troef (nl) f
- Esperanto: atuto
- Estonian: trump (et)
- Finnish: valtti (fi)
- French: atout (fr) m
- Galician: trunfo m
- Georgian: კოზირი (ka) (ḳoziri)
- German: Trumpf (de) m, Trumpffarbe f
- Greek: ατού (el) n (atoú), κόζι (el) n (kózi)
- Hindi: तुरुप (hi) m (turup)
- Hungarian: adu (hu), tromf (hu)
- Icelandic: tromp n
- Ido: trumpo (io)
- Indonesian: truf (id)
- Irish: mámh m
- Italian: seme vincente m, briscola di seme f, briscola (it) f
- Japanese: 切り札 (ja) (きりふだ, kirifuda)
- Kazakh: көзір (közır)
- Korean: 으뜸패 (eutteumpae)
- Kyrgyz: көзүр (közür)
- Latvian: trumpis m
- Lithuanian: koziris m
- Macedonian: адут m (adut)
- Maori: tānapu
- Norman: atout m
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: trumf m
- Ottoman Turkish: قوز (qoz), آتو (atü)
- Persian: آتو (fa) (âtu)
- Polish: atut (pl) m, atu (pl) n, kozera (pl) f
- Portuguese: trunfo m
- Romanian: atu (ro) n
- Russian: ко́зырь (ru) m (kózyrʹ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: а̀дӯт m
- Roman: àdūt (sh) m
- Slovak: tromf m, (tromfová) farba f
- Slovene: adut m
- Spanish: pinte (es) m, triunfo (es) m
- Swedish: trumf (sv) c
- Tajik: кузур (kuzur)
- Tatar: уен (tt) (uyen)
- Telugu: తురుపు (te) (turupu)
- Thai: ไต๋ (th) (dtǎi), ไพ่ตาย (th) (pâi-dtaai)
- Turkish: koz (tr)
- Ukrainian: ко́зир m (kózyr)
- Urdu: تروپ m (turup)
- Uyghur: كوزىر (kozir)
- Uzbek: kuzir (uz)
- Vietnamese: chủ bài
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playing card of that suit
- Albanian: atu (sq) f
- Arabic: وَرَقَة رَابِحَة f (waraqa rābiḥa)
- Armenian: հաղթաթուղթ (hy) (haġtʻatʻuġtʻ), կոզիր (hy) (kozir) (colloquial), ղոզ (ġoz) (dialectal)
- Bashkir: уйын (uyın)
- Belarusian: ко́зыр m (kózyr)
- Bulgarian: коз m (koz)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 王牌 (zh) (wángpái)
- Czech: trumf m
- Danish: trumf c
- Dutch: troef (nl) f
- Finnish: valttikortti (fi), valtti (fi)
- French: atout (fr) m, carte maîtresse (fr) f
- Galician: trunfo m
- German: Trumpf (de) m, Trumpfkarte (de) f
- Greek: ατού (el) n (atoú), κόζι (el) n (kózi)
- Indonesian: truf (id)
- Irish: mámh m
- Italian: briscola (it) f, asso di briscola m
- Japanese: 切り札 (ja) (きりふだ, kirifuda)
- Lithuanian: švietalas m
- Norman: atout m
- Portuguese: trunfo m
- Romanian: atu (ro) n
- Russian: козы́рна́я ка́рта f (kozýrnája kárta), ко́зырь (ru) m (kózyrʹ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: а̀дӯт m
- Roman: àdūt (sh) m
- Slovak: tromf m, tromfová karta f
- Slovene: adut
- Spanish: pinte (es) m, triunfo (es) m
- Swahili: turufu
- Swedish: trumfkort (sv) n
- Ukrainian: ко́зир m (kózyr)
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something that gives one an advantage
- Albanian: atu (sq)
- Arabic: وَرَقَة رَابِحَة f (waraqa rābiḥa)
- Armenian: հաղթաթուղթ (hy) (haġtʻatʻuġtʻ)
- Bulgarian: коз m (koz)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 王牌 (zh) (wángpái)
- Czech: trumf m
- Danish: trumpf c, joker c
- Dutch: troef (nl) f
- Finnish: valtti (fi)
- French: atout (fr) m
- German: Trumpf (de) m, Ass (de) n, Joker (de) m
- Greek: ατού (el) n (atoú)
- Indonesian: truf (id)
- Italian: asso nella manica m, asso di briscola m, carta vincente f
- Japanese: 切り札 (ja) (きりふだ, kirifuda)
- Polish: atut (pl) m, as atutowy (pl) m (literary, a person)
- Portuguese: trunfo m
- Russian: ко́зырь (ru) m (kózyrʹ), козы́рная ка́рта f (kozýrnaja kárta), козырна́я ка́рта f (kozyrnája kárta)
- Slovak: tromf m
- Spanish: as bajo la manga m (colloquial), baza (es)
- Swedish: trumf (sv) c, trumfkort (sv) n
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Verb
trump (third-person singular simple present trumps, present participle trumping, simple past and past participle trumped)
- (transitive, card games) To play on (a card of another suit) with a trump.
He knew the hand was lost when his ace was trumped.
- (intransitive, card games) To play a trump, or to take a trick with a trump.
- (transitive) To get the better of, or finesse, a competitor.
1629 (first performance), B[en] Jonson, The New Inne. Or, The Light Heart. , London: Thomas Harper, for Thomas Alchorne, , published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals): , Act 1, Scene 3
- to trick or trump mankind
- (transitive, dated) To impose unfairly; to palm off.
1699, Charles Leslie, A Short and Easy Method with the Deists:Authors have been trumped upon us.
- (transitive) To supersede.
- In this election, it would seem issues of national security trumped economic issues.
- (transitive) To outweigh; be stronger, greater, bigger than or in other way superior to.
Synonyms
- (to play a trump card on another suit): ruff
- (to get the better of a competitor): outsmart
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
Translations
to play a trump on a card of another suit
to play a trump, or to take a trick with a trump
to get the better of, or finesse, a competitor
Etymology 2
From Middle English trumpe, trompe (“trumpet”) from Old French trompe (“horn, trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa, *trumba (“trumpet”), from a common Germanic word of imitative origin. Doublet of tulumba and tromp.
Akin to Old High German trumpa, trumba (“horn, trumpet”), Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”). More at trumpet, drum.
Noun
trump (plural trumps)
- (archaic) A trumpet.
1798, Joseph Hopkinson, Hail, Columbia:Sound, sound the trump of fame,
- (UK, euphemistic, slang) Flatulence.
- The noise made by an elephant through its trunk.
Derived terms
Verb
trump (third-person singular simple present trumps, present participle trumping, simple past and past participle trumped)
- To blow a trumpet.
- (intransitive, UK, euphemistic, slang) To flatulate.
- And without warning me, as he lay there, he suddenly trumped next to me in bed.
- Who trumped?
Etymology 3
Shortening of Jew's-trump, which may be from French jeu-trump, jeu tromp, jeu trompe (a trump, or toy, to play with).
Noun
trump (plural trumps)
- (dated, music) Synonym of Jew's harp.
Further reading