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Northern Ohlone
- wāka (Harrington's orthography)
Etymology
Compare Southern Ohlone waak.
Pronoun
waaka
- she/he/it (third-person, singular, subject pronoun)
See also
Northern Ohlone personal pronouns
| Number
|
Person
|
Subject
|
Object
|
Possesive
|
| Disjunctive1
|
Proclitic
|
Enclitic
|
Disjunctive1
|
Proclitic
|
Enclitic
|
| Singular
|
First
|
kaana
|
ek-
|
-ek, -k
|
kiš, kaaniš
|
kiš-
|
-kiš
|
ek-, kaanak
|
| Second
|
meene
|
em-, im-
|
-em, -im, -m
|
miš
|
emiš-, imiš-, miš-
|
-miš
|
em-, meenem
|
| Third
|
waaka
|
Ø-2
|
-Ø2
|
wiš
|
Ø-2, eš-
|
-Ø2, -eš
|
i-, waakai-
|
| Plural
|
First
|
makkin
|
mak-
|
-mak
|
makkiš, makkinše
|
—
|
—
|
mak-, makkinmak
|
| Second
|
makkam
|
kam-
|
-kam
|
makkamše
|
—
|
—
|
kam-, makkam
|
| Third
|
waakamak
|
ya-
|
-ya
|
yaṭiš
|
—
|
—
|
ya-, waakamak
|
1Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek).
2Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used.
Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle + -eš + -ek
|
References
- María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges), Unpublished