βάσανος
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”),
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via Lydia, which was used by the Egyptians as a touchstone of gold.[1][2]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /bá.sa.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈba.sa.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈβa.sa.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈva.sa.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈva.sa.nos/
Noun
βάσᾰνος • (básanos) f (genitive βασάνου); second declension
- gold touchstone (stone which is rubbed on gold to ascertain its authenticity by leaving a yellow streak)
- (figuratively)
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ βάσᾰνος hē básanos |
τὼ βασᾰ́νω tṑ basánō |
αἱ βάσᾰνοι hai básanoi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς βασᾰ́νου tês basánou |
τοῖν βασᾰ́νοιν toîn basánoin |
τῶν βασᾰ́νων tôn basánōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ βασᾰ́νῳ têi basánōi |
τοῖν βασᾰ́νοιν toîn basánoin |
ταῖς βασᾰ́νοις taîs basánois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν βάσᾰνον tḕn básanon |
τὼ βασᾰ́νω tṑ basánō |
τᾱ̀ς βασᾰ́νους tā̀s basánous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | βάσᾰνε básane |
βασᾰ́νω basánō |
βάσᾰνοι básanoi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
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Derived terms
- βασανίτης (basanítēs)
Descendants
- Greek: βάσανος (vásanos, “examination, probe”)
- Greek: βάσανο (vásano, “torture”)
- βασανίζω (vasanízo, “to torture”)
- βασανισμός (vasanismós, “torture (torturing), torment (tormenting)”)
- βασανιστής n (vasanistís, “torturer, tormentor”)
- βασανίστρια f (vasanístria, “torturer (female), tormentor (female)”)
- βασανιστικός (vasanistikós, “brutal, agonising”)
- βασανιστήριο n (vasanistírio, “torture”)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βάσανος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 203
- ^ Erman & Grapow (1971) Worterbuch der aegyptischen Sprache, page 471
Further reading
- “βάσανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “βάσανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “βάσανος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- βάσανος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- βάσανος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- assay idem, page 45.
- rack idem, page 668.
- test idem, page 863.
- torture idem, page 884.
- touch-stone idem, page 884.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek βάσανος (básanos, “gold touchstone”).
Pronunciation
Noun
βάσανος • (vásanos) f (plural βάσανοι)
- (formal) probe, investigation (careful and attentive examination)
- Πρέπει να περάσει βάσανο πριν δημοσιευτεί.
- Prépei na perásei vásano prin dimosiefteí.
- It has to go through an examination before it's published.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | βάσανος (vásanos) | βάσανοι (vásanoi) |
| genitive | βασάνου (vasánou) | βασάνων (vasánon) |
| accusative | βάσανο (vásano) | βασάνους (vasánous) |
| vocative | βάσανε (vásane) βάσανο (vásano) |
βάσανοι (vásanoi) |
Synonyms
- (probe, investigation): εξέταση f (exétasi)