χαλκός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• καυχός (kaukhós) — Cretan

Etymology

Unknown. Has been compared to Proto-Slavic *želězo (“iron”), Latin ferrum, and Hittite (ḫapalki-). Perhaps related to κάλχη (kálkhē, “purple”). Ultimately, Proto-Indo-European origin seems unlikely and the word is probably a borrowing from Pre-Greek.

Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀 (ka-ka-re-a), 𐀏𐀒 (ka-ko, “copper”).

Pronunciation

Noun

χᾰλκός • (khalkós) m (genitive χᾰλκοῦ); second declension

1. copper, or copper alloyed with tin, bronze
2. (poetic) anything made of metal
3. copper, cauldron, urn
4. copper money
5. the phrase χαλκοῦ ἄνθος (khalkoû ánthos): particle thrown off by copper while cooling

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

• Greek: χαλκός (chalkós)
• → Arabic: حَلْقُوس (ḥalqūs), حَلْقُوص (ḥalqūṣ), حَرْقُوس (ḥarqūs), حَرْقُوص (ḥarqūṣ)
  • → French: harkous, harqous

References

• “χαλκός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “χαλκός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “χαλκός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• χαλκός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “χαλκός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5475 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • brass idem, page 93.
  • bronze idem, page 100.
  • cinerary urn idem, page 132.
  • copper idem, page 173.
  • kettle idem, page 468.
  • urn idem, page 940.
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χαλκός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1611–1612

Greek

Etymology

Learnedly, from Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós) & semantic loan from English bronze.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xalˈkos/
• Hyphenation: χαλ‧κός

Noun

χαλκός • (chalkós) m (plural χαλκοί)

1. (chemistry, metallurgy) copper

Declension

Coordinate terms

• Appendix:Greek names for chemical elements

Derived terms

• Εποχή του Χαλκού f (Epochí tou Chalkoú, “Bronze Age”)

Related terms

• χαλκο- (chalko-, “copper, copper coloured”, prefix)

and

Not related to χαλκάς m (chalkás)

References

Further reading

• χαλκός on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el