ковати
Old Church Slavonic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kovati.
Verb
ковати • (kovati) impf
- to forge
- from Vita Methodii, 1000400-1000420:
- Моравлѧне ѡчющьше Нѣмьчьскꙑꙗ попꙑ, иже живѧахоу въ нихъ, не приꙗюще имъ, нъ ковъ коующе на нѧ, изгънаша вьсѧ.
- Moravlęne očjuštĭše Němĭčĭskyja popy, iže živęaxu vŭ nixŭ, ne prijajušte imŭ, nŭ kovŭ kujušte na nę, izgŭnaša vĭsę.
- Moravians drove out all the German priests who were living among them, sensing that they did not accept them but forged discord against them.
- from Vita Methodii, 1000400-1000420:
Conjugation
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| азъ (azŭ) | тꙑ (ty) | тъ (tŭ) | вѣ (vě) | ва (va) | та (ta) | мꙑ (my) | вꙑ (vy) | ти (ti) | |||||||||
| коуѭ (kujǫ) | коуеши (kuješi) | коуетъ (kujetŭ) | коуевѣ (kujevě) | коуета (kujeta) | коуете (kujete) | коуемъ (kujemŭ) | коуете (kujete) | коуѭтъ (kujǫtŭ) | |||||||||
Alternative:
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| азъ (azŭ) | тꙑ (ty) | тъ (tŭ) | вѣ (vě) | ва (va) | та (ta) | мꙑ (my) | вꙑ (vy) | ти (ti) | |||||||||
| ковѫ (kovǫ) | ковеши (koveši) | коветъ (kovetŭ) | ковевѣ (kovevě) | ковета (koveta) | ковете (kovete) | ковемъ (kovemŭ) | ковете (kovete) | ковѫтъ (kovǫtŭ) | |||||||||
Derived terms
- оковати (okovati)
References
- S. C. Gardiner, Old church Slavonic: an elementary grammar, Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Further reading
- Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “”, in Старославянский словарь (по рукописям X—XI веков) (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 286
- Hauptova Z., editor (1958–1997), “ковати”, in Slovník jazyka staroslověnského (Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae), volume 2 (overall work in Czech), Prague: Euroslavica, page 34
- Koch, Christoph (1990) “§ 57 Konj. I.1d (kovǫ kovati)”, in Das morphologische System des altkirchenslavischen Verbums (in German), Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, page 730
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati.
Pronunciation
Verb
ко̀вати impf (Latin spelling kòvati)
- (transitive) to forge
- (transitive) to mint, coin
- (transitive) to plot, hatch
Conjugation
1 Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2 For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3 Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
4 Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
*Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “ковати”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025