струя
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Bulgarian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *struja.
Noun
стру́я • (strúja) f (relational adjective стру́ен, diminutive стру́йка)
Declension
Declension of стру́я
References
- “струя (1)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “струя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 508
- “строуꙗ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *strujiti (i-conjugation), *strujati (ě/i-conjugation).
Verb
струя́ • (strujá) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective стру́йна)
- (intransitive) to stream
- (transitive, dialectal) to make spew, squirt, disperse (of fluids)
- струя течението ― struja tečenieto ― to accelerate the flow
- (reflexive with се) to flow, to leak in a stream
Conjugation
Conjugation of струя́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | струя́щ strujášt |
струи́л struíl |
струя́л strujál |
— | струе́йки struéjki | |
| definite subject form | струя́щият strujáštijat |
струи́лият struílijat |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | струя́щия strujáštija |
струи́лия struílija |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | струя́ща strujášta |
струи́ла struíla |
струя́ла strujála |
— | ||
| definite | струя́щата strujáštata |
струи́лата struílata |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | струя́що strujášto |
струи́ло struílo |
струя́ло strujálo |
— | струе́не struéne | |
| definite | струя́щото strujáštoto |
струи́лото struíloto |
— | — | струе́нето struéneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | струя́щи strujášti |
струи́ли struíli |
струе́ли struéli |
— | струе́ния, струе́нета struénija, struéneta | |
| definite | струя́щите strujáštite |
струи́лите struílite |
— | — | струе́нията, струе́нетата struénijata, struénetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | струя́ strujá |
струи́ш struíš |
струи́ struí |
струи́м struím |
струи́те struíte |
струя́т struját | |
| imperfect | струя́х strujáh |
струе́ше struéše |
струе́ше struéše |
струя́хме strujáhme |
струя́хте strujáhte |
струя́ха strujáha | |
| aorist | струи́х struíh |
струи́ struí |
струи́ struí |
струи́хме struíhme |
струи́хте struíhte |
струи́ха struíha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| струй struj |
стру́йте strújte |
||||||
Conjugation of струя́ (conjugation 2.2, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | струя́щ strujášt |
струя́л strujál |
струя́л strujál |
— | струе́йки struéjki | |
| definite subject form | струя́щият strujáštijat |
струе́лият struélijat |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | струя́щия strujáštija |
струе́лия struélija |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | струя́ща strujášta |
струя́ла strujála |
струя́ла strujála |
— | ||
| definite | струя́щата strujáštata |
струя́лата strujálata |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | струя́що strujášto |
струя́ло strujálo |
струя́ло strujálo |
— | струе́не struéne | |
| definite | струя́щото strujáštoto |
струя́лото strujáloto |
— | — | струе́нето struéneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | струя́щи strujášti |
струе́ли struéli |
струе́ли struéli |
— | струе́ния, струе́нета struénija, struéneta | |
| definite | струя́щите strujáštite |
струе́лите struélite |
— | — | струе́нията, струе́нетата struénijata, struénetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | струя́ strujá |
струи́ш struíš |
струи́ struí |
струи́м struím |
струи́те struíte |
струя́т struját | |
| imperfect | струя́х strujáh |
струе́ше struéše |
струе́ше struéše |
струя́хме strujáhme |
струя́хте strujáhte |
струя́ха strujáha | |
| aorist | струя́х strujáh |
струя́ strujá |
струя́ strujá |
струя́хме strujáhme |
струя́хте strujáhte |
струя́ха strujáha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| струй struj |
стру́йте strújte |
||||||
Derived terms
- заструя pf (zastruja), заструявам impf (zastrujavam)
- оструя pf (ostruja), оструявам impf (ostrujavam) (dialectal)
References
- “струя (2)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “струѭ́, -и́шь; -и́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 272
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic струя (struja), from Proto-Slavic *struja.
Pronunciation
Noun
струя́ • (strujá) f inan (genitive струи́, nominative plural стру́и or струи́*, genitive plural струй, diminutive стру́йка) (* Poetic.)
Declension
Declension of струя́ (inan fem-form vowel-stem accent-d/b)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | струя́ strujá |
стру́и, струи́* strúi, struí* |
| genitive | струи́ struí |
стру́й strúj |
| dative | струе́ strujé |
стру́ям, струя́м* strújam, strujám* |
| accusative | струю́ strujú |
стру́и, струи́* strúi, struí* |
| instrumental | струёй, струёю strujój, strujóju |
стру́ями, струя́ми* strújami, strujámi* |
| prepositional | струе́ strujé |
стру́ях, струя́х* strújax, strujáx* |
* Poetic.
Synonyms
- пото́к m (potók)
Related terms
- струища (struišča)
- струйный (strujnyj), пескоструйный (peskostrujnyj), струящий (strujaščij), струя́щийся (strujáščijsja)
- струить (struitʹ), струи́ться (struítʹsja), заструить (zastruitʹ), заструиться (zastruitʹsja), отпескоструить (otpeskostruitʹ)