अक्षि

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See also: अक्ष

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

অক্ষি (Assamese script)
ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬶ (Balinese script)
অক্ষি (Bengali script)
𑰀𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀺 (Brahmi script)
အက္ၑိ (Burmese script)
અક્ષિ (Gujarati script)
ਅਕ੍ਸ਼ਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌅𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦄꦏ꧀ꦰꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂃𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಅಕ್ಷಿ (Kannada script)
អក្ឞិ (Khmer script)
ອກ຺ຩິ (Lao script)
അക്ഷി (Malayalam script)
ᠠᡬᢢᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘀𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠠᢉᢔᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦠𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐀𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐶 (Newa script)
ଅକ୍ଷି (Odia script)
ꢂꢒ꣄ꢰꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆃𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖀𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖰 (Siddham script)
අක්‍ෂි (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚀𑚊𑚶𑚮 (Takri script)
அக்ஷி (Tamil script)
అక్షి (Telugu script)
อกฺษิ (Thai script)
ཨ་ཀྵི (Tibetan script)
𑒁𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši

Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hákṣi, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs (“eye”), from *h₃ekʷ-. Cognate with Latin oculus, Ancient Greek ὄσσε (ósse), Old Armenian ակն (akn) and աչք (ačʻkʻ), Old English ēage (whence English eye).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́k.ʂi/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɐk.ʂi/

Noun

अक्षि • (ákṣi) stem, n

eye
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.79.2:
  गुहा॒ शिरो॒ निहि॑त॒मृध॑ग्अक्षी असि॑न्वन्नत्ति जि॒ह्वया॒ वना॑नि।
  अत्रा॑ण्यस्मै प॒ड्भिः सं भ॑रन्त्युत्ता॒नह॑स्ता॒ नम॒साधि॑ वि॒क्षु॥
  gúhā śíro níhitamṛ́dhagakṣī asinvannatti jihváyā vánāni.
  átrāṇyasmai paḍbhíḥ sáṃ bharantyuttānáhastā námasā́dhi vikṣú.
  His head is deposited in a cavern; his eyes are wide apart; with his tongue he devours the wood without masticating; the priests approaching on food reverently offer him oblations among the people with uplifted hands.
the number two
(in the dual) the sun and moon

Declension

Neuter i-stem declension of अक्षि (ákṣi)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अक्षि ákṣi	अक्षिणी ákṣiṇī	अक्षीणि / अक्षि¹ / अक्षी¹ ákṣīṇi / ákṣi¹ / ákṣī¹
Vocative	अक्षि / अक्षे ákṣi / ákṣe	अक्षिणी ákṣiṇī	अक्षीणि / अक्षि¹ / अक्षी¹ ákṣīṇi / ákṣi¹ / ákṣī¹
Accusative	अक्षि ákṣi	अक्षिणी ákṣiṇī	अक्षीणि / अक्षि¹ / अक्षी¹ ákṣīṇi / ákṣi¹ / ákṣī¹
Instrumental	अक्षिणा / अक्ष्या¹ ákṣiṇā / ákṣyā¹	अक्षिभ्याम् ákṣibhyām	अक्षिभिः ákṣibhiḥ
Dative	अक्षिणे / अक्षये¹ ákṣiṇe / ákṣaye¹	अक्षिभ्याम् ákṣibhyām	अक्षिभ्यः ákṣibhyaḥ
Ablative	अक्षिणः / अक्षेः¹ ákṣiṇaḥ / ákṣeḥ¹	अक्षिभ्याम् ákṣibhyām	अक्षिभ्यः ákṣibhyaḥ
Genitive	अक्षिणः / अक्षेः¹ ákṣiṇaḥ / ákṣeḥ¹	अक्षिणोः ákṣiṇoḥ	अक्षीणाम् ákṣīṇām
Locative	अक्षिणि / अक्षौ¹ / अक्षा¹ ákṣiṇi / ákṣau¹ / ákṣā¹	अक्षिणोः ákṣiṇoḥ	अक्षिषु ákṣiṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalami: اڄ (ac̣)
- Kalasha: eč
- Kashmiri:
  - Arabic script: أچھ (ạch)
  - Devanagari script: ॲछ (ạch)
  - Sharada script: 𑆃𑆾𑇋𑆗 (ạch)
- >? Khowar: غیچ (ġeč)
- Phalura: ac̣híi
- Shina: اَڇھی (aċhī)
Pali: akkhi
Prakrit: 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺 (akkhi), 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺 (acchi)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindustani:
    Hindi: आँख (ā̃kh)
    Urdu: آن٘کھ (ā̃kh)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Early Assamese: আখি (akhi)
    - Assamese: আখি (akhi)
  - Old Bengali: আখি
    - Bengali: আঁখ (ãkh), আঁখি (ãkhi)
  - Odia: ଆଖି (ākhi)
- Insular Indo-Aryan: (< 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺 (acchi))
  - Sinhalese: ඇස (æsa)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Nepali: आँखा (ā̃khā)
  - Dogri: हाख्खि (hākhkhi)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Punjabi:
    - Gurmukhi script: ਅੱਖ (akkha)
    - Shahmukhi script: اَکّھ (akkh)
  - Sindhi: अखि (akhi)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Old Gujarati:
    - Gujarati: આંખ (ā̃kha)
  - Romani: jakh
  - Marwari: (ākhi)
→ Bengali: অক্ষি (okkhi) (learned)
→ Malayalam: അക്ഷി (akṣi) (learned)
→ Odia: ଅକ୍ଷି (akshi) (learned)
→ Tamil: அக்கு (akku)
→ Telugu: అక్షి (akṣi) (learned)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “अक्षि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 3, column 3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 42-43

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