ऋतु
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Hindi
Alternative forms
- रितु (ritu)
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋतु (ṛtú). Doublet of रुत (rut), a tadbhava.
Pronunciation
Noun
ऋतु • (ŕtu) f (Urdu spelling رتو)
Declension
Declension of ऋतु (fem u-stem)
See also
| Seasons in Hindi · ऋतु (ŕtu) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| बसंत (basant), बहार (bahār, “spring”) |
गर्मी (garmī), ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “summer”) |
शरत् (śarat), शरद् (śarad, “autumn”) |
सर्दी (sardī, “winter”) |
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “ऋतु”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “ऋतु”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ঋতু (Assamese script)
- ᬋᬢᬸ (Balinese script)
- ঋতু (Bengali script)
- 𑰆𑰝𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀋𑀢𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- ၒတု (Burmese script)
- ઋતુ (Gujarati script)
- ਰਤੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌋𑌤𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦉꦠꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂱𑂞𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ಋತು (Kannada script)
- ឫតុ (Khmer script)
- ຣິຕຸ (Lao script)
- ഋതു (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡳᢠᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘆𑘝𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠢᢐᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦦𑦽𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐆𑐟𑐸 (Newa script)
- ଋତୁ (Odia script)
- ꢈꢡꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆉𑆠𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖆𑖝𑖲 (Siddham script)
- ඍතු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩙𑩫𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚰 (Takri script)
- ரிது (Tamil script)
- ఋతు (Telugu script)
- ฤตุ (Thai script)
- རྀ་ཏུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒇𑒞𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨉𑨙𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥túš (“fixed period of time, season”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tú-s, from *h₂er- (“to fit, fix”).[1]
Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (ratu, “period of time”), Ancient Greek ἀρτύς (artús, “bond”), Old Armenian արդ (ard), Latin artus (“joint”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ऋतु • (ṛtú) stem, m
- any settled point of time, fixed time, time appointed for any action (especially for sacrifices and other regular worship), right or fit time
- an epoch, period (especially a division or part of the year), season
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.53.7:
- आग॑न्दे॒व ऋ॒तुभि॒र्वर्ध॑तु॒ क्षयं॒ दधा॑तु नः सवि॒ता सु॑प्र॒जामिष॑म्।
स न॑: क्ष॒पाभि॒रह॑भिश्च जिन्वतु प्र॒जाव॑न्तं र॒यिम॒स्मे समि॑न्वतु॥- ā́gandevá ṛtúbhirvárdhatu kṣáyaṃ dádhātu naḥ savitā́ suprajā́míṣam.
sá na: kṣapā́bhiráhabhiśca jinvatu prajā́vantaṃ rayímasmé sáminvatu. - With the year's seasons hath Savitar, God, come nigh: may he prosper our home, give food and noble sons.
May he invigorate us through the days and nights, and may he send us opulence with progeny.
- ā́gandevá ṛtúbhirvárdhatu kṣáyaṃ dádhātu naḥ savitā́ suprajā́míṣam.
- आग॑न्दे॒व ऋ॒तुभि॒र्वर्ध॑तु॒ क्षयं॒ दधा॑तु नः सवि॒ता सु॑प्र॒जामिष॑म्।
- fixed order, order, rule
- the menstrual discharge (in women), the time after the courses (favourable for procreation; according to Bhāvaprakāśa sixteen days after their appearance)
- sexual union at the above time
See also
| Seasons in Sanskrit · ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| कुसुमाकर (kusumākara, “spring”) | ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “summer”) | शरद् (śarad, “autumn”) | हिम (hima, “winter”) |
Declension
| Masculine u-stem declension of ऋतु (ṛtú) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | ऋतुः ṛtúḥ |
ऋतू ṛtū́ |
ऋतवस् ṛtávas |
| Vocative | ऋतो ṛ́to |
ऋतू ṛ́tū |
ऋतवस् ṛ́tavas |
| Accusative | ऋतुम् ṛtúm |
ऋतू ṛtū́ |
ऋतून् ṛtū́n |
| Instrumental | ऋतुना / ऋत्वा¹ ṛtúnā / ṛtvā́¹ |
ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām |
ऋतुभिः ṛtúbhiḥ |
| Dative | ऋतवे / ऋत्वे¹ ṛtáve / ṛtvé¹ |
ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām |
ऋतुभ्यः ṛtúbhyaḥ |
| Ablative | ऋतोः / ऋत्वः¹ ṛtóḥ / ṛtváḥ¹ |
ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām |
ऋतुभ्यः ṛtúbhyaḥ |
| Genitive | ऋतोः / ऋत्वः¹ ṛtóḥ / ṛtváḥ¹ |
ऋत्वोः ṛtvóḥ |
ऋतूनाम् ṛtūnā́m |
| Locative | ऋतौ ṛtaú |
ऋत्वोः ṛtvóḥ |
ऋतुषु ṛtúṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- आर्तव (ārtava)
Descendants
Borrowed terms
- → Assamese: ঋতু (ritu)
- → Bengali: ঋতু (ritu)
- → Gujarati: ઋતુ (ŕtu)
- → Hindi: ऋतु (ŕtu), रितु (ritu), रुत (rut)
- → Khmer: រដូវ (rɔdəw)
- → Lao: ລະດູ (la dū)
- → Marathi: ऋतू (ŕtū), रुतू (rutū)
- → Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘳𑘝𑘳 (rutu)
- → Sinhalese: ඍතුව (r̥tuwa)
- → Telugu: ఋతువు (r̥tuvu)
- → Thai: ฤดู (rʉ́-duu)
- → Urdu: رتو (ritu)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “ṛtú-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 257
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “ऋतु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0224/1.