टोपी
Hindi
Etymology
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀝𑁄𑀧𑀺𑀆 (ṭopiā, “helmet”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-), related to Sanskrit टोपिका (ṭopikā). Cognate with Gujarati ટોપી (ṭopī), Bengali টুপি (ṭupi), Assamese টুপী (tupi), Malayalam തൊപ്പി (toppi), Rohingya thufi / 𐴄𐴟𐴉𐴞 (thufi). Related to टोप (ṭop).
Pronunciation
Noun
टोपी • (ṭopī) f (Urdu spelling ٹوپی)
- hat
- Synonym: हैट (haiṭ)
- 1955, “Mera Joota Hai Japani”, in Shankar Jaikishan (music), Shree 420, performed by Mukesh:
- सर पे लाल टोपी रूसी
फिर भी दिल है हिंदुस्तानी- sar pe lāl ṭopī rūsī
phir bhī dil hai hindustānī - wear a Russian hat
but my heart is still Indian
- sar pe lāl ṭopī rūsī
- cap, lid, cover
- (colloquial) glans
Declension
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “टोपी”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ṭōppa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘘𑘻𑘢𑘲 (ṭopī), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀝𑁄𑀧𑀺𑀆 (ṭopiā, “helmet”) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-)), from Late Sanskrit टोपिका (ṭopikā), टुप्पिका (ṭuppikā). Cognate with Gujarati ટોપી (ṭopī), Bengali টুপি (ṭupi), Assamese টুপী (tupi), Rohingya thufi / 𐴄𐴟𐴉𐴞 (thufi). Related to टोप (ṭop).
Noun
टोपी • (ṭopī) f
Declension
| Declension of टोपी (fem ī-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
टोपी ṭopī | ||
| direct plural |
टोप्या ṭopyā | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
टोपी ṭopī |
टोप्या ṭopyā | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
टोपी ṭopī |
टोप्यां- ṭopyān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
टोपीला ṭopīlā |
टोप्यांना ṭopyānnā | |
| ergative | टोपीने, टोपीनं ṭopīne, ṭopīna |
टोप्यांनी ṭopyānnī | |
| instrumental | टोपीशी ṭopīśī |
टोप्यांशी ṭopyānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
टोपीत ṭopīt |
टोप्यांत ṭopyāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
टोपी ṭopī |
टोप्यांनो ṭopyānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of टोपी (fem ī-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
टोपीचा ṭopīċā |
टोपीचे ṭopīċe |
टोपीची ṭopīcī |
टोपीच्या ṭopīcā |
टोपीचे, टोपीचं ṭopīċe, ṭopīċa |
टोपीची ṭopīcī |
टोपीच्या ṭopīcā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
टोप्यांचा ṭopyānċā |
टोप्यांचे ṭopyānċe |
टोप्यांची ṭopyāñcī |
टोप्यांच्या ṭopyāncā |
टोप्यांचे, टोप्यांचं ṭopyānċe, ṭopyānċa |
टोप्यांची ṭopyāñcī |
टोप्यांच्या ṭopyāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “टोपी”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “टोपी”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण (1932-1950) “टोपी”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे : महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ṭōppa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Nepali
Etymology
Inherited from Khasa Prakrit (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀝𑁄𑀧𑀺𑀆 (ṭopiā, “helmet”)) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-)), from Late Sanskrit टोपिका (ṭopikā), टुप्पिका (ṭuppikā).
Pronunciation
Noun
टोपी • (ṭopī)