हिम
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit हिम (himá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós (“cold, frost”). Doublet of हिँव (hĩv), a tadbhava.
Pronunciation
Noun
हिम • (him) m (Urdu spelling ہم)
- snow, ice, frost
- Synonym: बर्फ़ (barf)
- अगला हिम युग कब आएगा इसका सटीक आकलन फिलहाल नहीं किया जा सका है।
- aglā him yug kab āegā iskā saṭīk āklan philhāl nahī̃ kiyā jā sakā hai.
- Currently, we cannot accurately estimate when the next ice age will arrive.
Declension
Declension of हिम (masc cons-stem)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- हिमाचल (himācal, “land of snow-clad mountains”)
- हिमाद्रि (himādri, “snow peak”)
- हिमालय (himālay, “abode of snow”)
- हिमानि (himāni, “fjord”)
- हिमांक (himāṅk, “freezing point”)
- हिमांशु (himāñśu, “moon”)
- हिमकंदुक (himkanduk, “snowball”)
- हिमनदी (himandī, “glacier, ice-river”)
- हिमपात (himpāt, “snowfall”)
- हिममानव (himmānav, “snowman”)
- हिमशिखर (himśikhar, “ice-cap”)
- हिमलंब (himlamb, “icicle”)
- हिमशैल (himśail, “iceberg”)
- हिमतेंदुआ (himtenduā, “snow leopard”)
- हिमवंत (himvant, “snow-like, bright”)
- हिमेश (himeś, “lord of snow”)
References
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “हिम”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
हिम n
- Devanagari script form of hima (“snow”)
Declension
Declension table of "हिम" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | हिमं (himaṃ) | हिमानि (himāni) |
| Accusative (second) | हिमं (himaṃ) | हिमानि (himāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | हिमेन (himena) | हिमेहि (himehi) or हिमेभि (himebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | हिमस्स (himassa) or हिमाय (himāya) or हिमत्थं (himatthaṃ) | हिमानं (himānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | हिमस्मा (himasmā) or हिमम्हा (himamhā) or हिमा (himā) | हिमेहि (himehi) or हिमेभि (himebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | हिमस्स (himassa) | हिमानं (himānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | हिमस्मिं (himasmiṃ) or हिमम्हि (himamhi) or हिमे (hime) | हिमेसु (himesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | हिम (hima) | हिमानि (himāni) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- হিম (Assamese script)
- ᬳᬶᬫ (Balinese script)
- হিম (Bengali script)
- 𑰮𑰰𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ဟိမ (Burmese script)
- હિમ (Gujarati script)
- ਹਿਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌹𑌿𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦲꦶꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂯𑂱𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಹಿಮ (Kannada script)
- ហិម (Khmer script)
- ຫິມ (Lao script)
- ഹിമ (Malayalam script)
- ᡥᡳᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘮𑘱𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠾᠢᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧎𑧒𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐴𑐶𑐩 (Newa script)
- ହିମ (Odia script)
- ꢲꢶꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆲𑆴𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖮𑖰𑖦 (Siddham script)
- හිම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪂𑩑𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚩𑚮𑚢 (Takri script)
- ஹிம (Tamil script)
- హిమ (Telugu script)
- หิม (Thai script)
- ཧི་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒯𑒱𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨱𑨁𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰimás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós (“cold, frost”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊), Ashkun žím, Kamkata-viri źím, Waigali zim, Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma), Hittite 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (giman), Latin hiems, Lithuanian žiema, Old Church Slavonic зима (zima).
Pronunciation
Noun
हिम • (himá) stem, m
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of हिम (himá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हिमः himáḥ |
हिमौ / हिमा¹ himaú / himā́¹ |
हिमाः / हिमासः¹ himā́ḥ / himā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | हिम híma |
हिमौ / हिमा¹ hímau / hímā¹ |
हिमाः / हिमासः¹ hímāḥ / hímāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | हिमम् himám |
हिमौ / हिमा¹ himaú / himā́¹ |
हिमान् himā́n |
| Instrumental | हिमेन hiména |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमैः / हिमेभिः¹ himaíḥ / himébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | हिमाय himā́ya |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमेभ्यः himébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | हिमात् himā́t |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमेभ्यः himébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | हिमस्य himásya |
हिमयोः himáyoḥ |
हिमानाम् himā́nām |
| Locative | हिमे himé |
हिमयोः himáyoḥ |
हिमेषु himéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Noun
हिम • (himá) stem, n
See also
| Seasons in Sanskrit · ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| कुसुमाकर (kusumākara, “spring”) | ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “summer”) | शरद् (śarad, “autumn”) | हिम (hima, “winter”) |
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of हिम (himá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हिमम् himám |
हिमे himé |
हिमानि / हिमा¹ himā́ni / himā́¹ |
| Vocative | हिम híma |
हिमे híme |
हिमानि / हिमा¹ hímāni / hímā¹ |
| Accusative | हिमम् himám |
हिमे himé |
हिमानि / हिमा¹ himā́ni / himā́¹ |
| Instrumental | हिमेन hiména |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमैः / हिमेभिः¹ himaíḥ / himébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | हिमाय himā́ya |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमेभ्यः himébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | हिमात् himā́t |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमेभ्यः himébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | हिमस्य himásya |
हिमयोः himáyoḥ |
हिमानाम् himā́nām |
| Locative | हिमे himé |
हिमयोः himáyoḥ |
हिमेषु himéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- हिमाचल (himācala)
Borrowed terms
- → Hindi: हिम (him)
- → Kannada: ಹಿಮ (hima)
- → Santali: ᱦᱤᱢ (him)
- → Tamil: இமம் (imam)
- → Telugu: హిమము (himamu)
- → Thai: หิมะ (hì-má)
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Gawar-Bati: ہم (hīm)
- Indus Kohistani: (hī̃)
- Grangali: (im)
- Kalami: ہم (him)
- Kashmiri: (himun, “to snow”)
- Khowar: ہیم (him)
- Northeast Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
- Northwest Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
- Southeast Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
- Southwest Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
- Savi: (hina)
- Shina: ہم (him)
- Shumashti: (īm)
- Torwali: ہم (him)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: (īm)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: හිම (hima)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: हिउँ (hiũ)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (hima)
- Pali: hima
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਹਿੰਮ (himma)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (hima)
Adjective
हिम • (himá) stem
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of हिम (himá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हिमः himáḥ |
हिमौ / हिमा¹ himaú / himā́¹ |
हिमाः / हिमासः¹ himā́ḥ / himā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | हिम híma |
हिमौ / हिमा¹ hímau / hímā¹ |
हिमाः / हिमासः¹ hímāḥ / hímāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | हिमम् himám |
हिमौ / हिमा¹ himaú / himā́¹ |
हिमान् himā́n |
| Instrumental | हिमेन hiména |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमैः / हिमेभिः¹ himaíḥ / himébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | हिमाय himā́ya |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमेभ्यः himébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | हिमात् himā́t |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमेभ्यः himébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | हिमस्य himásya |
हिमयोः himáyoḥ |
हिमानाम् himā́nām |
| Locative | हिमे himé |
हिमयोः himáyoḥ |
हिमेषु himéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of हिमा (himā́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हिमा himā́ |
हिमे himé |
हिमाः himā́ḥ |
| Vocative | हिमे híme |
हिमे híme |
हिमाः hímāḥ |
| Accusative | हिमाम् himā́m |
हिमे himé |
हिमाः himā́ḥ |
| Instrumental | हिमया / हिमा¹ himáyā / himā́¹ |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमाभिः himā́bhiḥ |
| Dative | हिमायै himā́yai |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमाभ्यः himā́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | हिमायाः / हिमायै² himā́yāḥ / himā́yai² |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमाभ्यः himā́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | हिमायाः / हिमायै² himā́yāḥ / himā́yai² |
हिमयोः himáyoḥ |
हिमानाम् himā́nām |
| Locative | हिमायाम् himā́yām |
हिमयोः himáyoḥ |
हिमासु himā́su |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of हिम (himá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हिमम् himám |
हिमे himé |
हिमानि / हिमा¹ himā́ni / himā́¹ |
| Vocative | हिम híma |
हिमे híme |
हिमानि / हिमा¹ hímāni / hímā¹ |
| Accusative | हिमम् himám |
हिमे himé |
हिमानि / हिमा¹ himā́ni / himā́¹ |
| Instrumental | हिमेन hiména |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमैः / हिमेभिः¹ himaíḥ / himébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | हिमाय himā́ya |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमेभ्यः himébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | हिमात् himā́t |
हिमाभ्याम् himā́bhyām |
हिमेभ्यः himébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | हिमस्य himásya |
हिमयोः himáyoḥ |
हिमानाम् himā́nām |
| Locative | हिमे himé |
हिमयोः himáyoḥ |
हिमेषु himéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Related terms
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “हिम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1298/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 815-6
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “himá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press