Assamese verb set |
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ঘাম (gham) |
ঘমা (ghoma) |
ঘমোৱা (ghomüa) |
ঘমোওৱা (ghomüüa) |
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घर्म (gharmá). Cognate with Sylheti ꠊꠣꠝ (gámo), Marathi घाम (ghām), Konkani घाम (ghām), Romani kham (“sun”). Doublet of গৰম (gorom).
ঘাম • (gham) (classifier -খিনি)
Declension of ঘাম | |
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nominative | ঘাম / ঘামে gham / ghame |
genitive | ঘামৰ ghamor |
nominative | ঘাম / ঘামে gham / ghame |
accusative | ঘাম / ঘামক gham / ghamok |
dative | ঘামলৈ ghamoloi |
terminative | ঘামলৈকে ghamoloike |
instrumental | ঘামে / ঘামেৰে ghame / ghamere |
genitive | ঘামৰ ghamor |
locative | ঘামত ghamot |
Notes | |
Noun: Assamese nouns are indefinite. They can be both singular and plural depending on the context. They are made definite by using classifiers and plural suffixes which also make them either singular and plural. Plural: The general plural suffixes are: -বোৰ (-bür) and -বিলাক (-bilak) (less common). Others which have specific functions include -সমূহ (-xomuh), -সকল (-xokol), -হঁত (-hõt) etc. Nominative: The -এ (-e) suffix is used when the noun works as an agent and the verb is transitive. Accusative: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise. Dative 1: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Dative 2: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Terminative: Vaguely -অলৈ (-oloi) can mark this case too. Instrumental 1: -এ (-e) is unemphatic and -এৰে (-ere) is emphatic and more common. Instrumental 2: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) is used instead of the default -এৰে (-ere) in Standard Assamese. Locative: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in repetition of the word, with adverbs and days of the week. |
ঘাম • (gham) (intransitive)
Affirmative (+) | Negative (-) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Stem | ঘাম gham |
নাঘাম negham | |
Gerund, Past participle, Agentive | ঘমা ghoma |
নঘমা noghoma | |
Conjugative | ঘামি ghami |
নাঘামি neghami | |
Infinitive | ঘামিব ghamibo |
নাঘামিব neghamibo | |
Genitive infinitive | ঘামিবৰ ghamibor |
নাঘামিবৰ neghamibor | |
Goal | ঘামিবলৈ ghamiboloi |
নাঘামিবলৈ neghamiboloi | |
Terminative | ঘামিবলৈকে ghamiboloike |
নাঘামিবলৈকে neghamiboloike | |
Future passive participle | ঘামিবলগা / ঘামিবলগীয়া ghamibologa / ghamibologia |
নাঘামিবলগা / নাঘামিবলগীয়া neghamibologa / neghamibologia | |
Agentive (emphatic) | (♂) | ঘামোঁতা ghamü̃ta |
নাঘামোঁতা neghamü̃ta |
♀ | ঘামঁতী ghamõti |
নাঘামঁতী neghamõti | |
Contingent | ঘামোঁতে ghamü͂te |
নাঘামোঁতে neghamü͂te | |
Progressive participle | ঘামোঁতে ঘামোঁতে ghamü͂te ghamü͂te |
নাঘামোঁতে নাঘামোঁতে neghamü͂te neghamü͂te | |
Reason | ঘামাত ghamat |
নাঘামাত neghamat | |
Past conditional | ঘামিলত ghamilot |
নাঘামিলত neghamilot | |
Future conditional | ঘামিলে ghamile |
নাঘামিলে neghamile | |
Perfect participle | ঘামি ghami |
নাঘামি neghami | |
Habitual participle | ঘামি ঘামি ghami ghami |
নাঘামি নাঘামি neghami neghami |
Person | First person | Second person | Third person | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very faml. & Inferior |
Familiar | Honorific | Non honorific | ||||
Singular | মই moi |
তই toi |
তুমি tumi |
আপুনি apuni |
তেওঁ etc teü͂ |
সি ♂, তাই ♀ etc xi ♂, tai ♀ | |
Plural | i | আমি ami |
তহঁত tohõt |
তোমালোক tümalük |
আপোনালোক apünalük |
তেওঁলোক teü͂lük |
সিহঁত etc xihõt |
t | তহঁতে tohõte |
তোমালোকে tümalüke |
আপোনালোকে apünalüke |
তেওঁলোকে teü͂lüke |
সিহঁতে etc xihõte | ||
Present | |||||||
Indefinite | + | ঘামোঁ ghamü͂ |
ঘাম ghamo |
ঘামা ghama |
ঘামে ghame | ||
- | নাঘামোঁ neghamü͂ |
নাঘাম neghamo |
নাঘামা neghama |
নাঘামে neghame | |||
Imperfective | + | ঘামিছোঁ ghamisü͂ |
ঘামিছ ghamiso |
ঘামিছা ghamisa |
ঘামিছে ghamise | ||
- | Imperfective | ||||||
ঘমা নাই ghoma nai | |||||||
"not about to" (usage is not common) | |||||||
নাঘামিছোঁ neghamisü͂ |
নাঘামিছ neghamiso |
নাঘামিছা neghamisa |
নাঘামিছে neghamise | ||||
Continuous | + | ঘামি আছোঁ ghami asü͂ |
ঘামি আছ ghami aso |
ঘামি আছা ghami asa |
ঘামি আছে ghami ase | ||
- | ঘামি থকা নাই ghami thoka nai | ||||||
Past | |||||||
Simple | + | ঘামিলোঁ ghamilü͂ |
ঘামিলি ghamili |
ঘামিলা ghamila |
ঘামিলে ghamile | ||
- | নাঘামিলোঁ neghamilü͂ |
নাঘামিলি neghamili |
নাঘামিলা neghamila |
নাঘামিলে neghamile | |||
Imperfective | + | ঘামিছিলোঁ ghamisilü͂ |
ঘামিছিলি ghamisili |
ঘামিছিলা ghamisila |
ঘামিছিলে ghamisile | ||
- | Imperfective | ||||||
ঘমা নাছিলোঁ ghoma nasilü͂ |
ঘমা নাছিলি ghoma nasili |
ঘমা নাছিলা ghoma nasila |
ঘমা নাছিলে ghoma nasile | ||||
Habitual | |||||||
নাঘামিছিলোঁ neghamisilü͂ |
নাঘামিছিলি neghamisili |
নাঘামিছিলা neghamisila |
নাঘামিছিলে neghamisile | ||||
Continuous | + | ঘামি আছিলোঁ ghami asilü͂ |
ঘামি আছিলি ghami asili |
ঘামি আছিলা ghami asila |
ঘামি আছিলে ghami asile | ||
- | ঘামি থকা নাছিলোঁ ghami thoka nasilü͂ |
ঘামি থকা নাছিলি ghami thoka nasili |
ঘামি থকা নাছিলা ghami thoka nasila |
ঘামি থকা নাছিলে ghami thoka nasile | |||
Future | |||||||
Indicative | + | ঘামিম ghamim |
ঘামিবি ghamibi |
ঘামিবা ghamiba |
ঘামিব ghamibo | ||
- | Indicative | ||||||
নাঘামোঁ neghamü͂ |
নাঘাম neghamo |
নাঘামা neghama |
নাঘামে neghame | ||||
"Perhaps" | |||||||
নাঘামিম neghamim |
নাঘামিবি neghamibi |
নাঘামিবা neghamiba |
নাঘামিব neghomibo | ||||
Continuous | + | ঘামি থাকিম ghami thakim |
ঘামি থাকিবি ghami thakibi |
ঘামি থাকিবা ghami thakiba |
ঘামি থাকিব ghami thakibo | ||
- | |||||||
Indicative | |||||||
ঘামি নাথাকোঁ ghami nathakü̃ |
ঘামি নাথাক ghami nathako |
ঘামি নাথাকা ghami nathaka |
ঘামি নাথাকে ghami nathake | ||||
"Perhaps" | |||||||
ঘামি নাথাকিম ghami nathakim |
ঘামি নাথাকিবি ghami nathakibi |
ঘামি নাথাকিবা ghami nathakiba |
ঘামি নাথাকিব ghami nathakibo | ||||
Others | |||||||
Imperative | + | ঘামোঁ ghamü͂ |
ঘাম gham |
ঘামা ghama |
ঘামক ghamok | ||
- | — | নাঘামিবি neghamibi |
নাঘামিবা neghamiba |
নাঘামিব neghamibo | |||
❋ Note 1: i = for intransitive verbs, t = for transitive verbs. The suffix -এ (-e) marks ergative case. | |||||||
❋ Note 2: Sometimes -হঁক (-hõk) or less commonly -হঁত (-hõt) suffix is used for plural pronouns, like আমি কৰোহঁক (ami korühõk), আপোনালোক আহিলেহঁক (apünalük ahilehõk) etc. | |||||||
❋ Note 3: For intransitive verbs like যোৱা (züa, “to go”) the 3rd person suffix -এ (-e) in simple past tense is not used, like সি গ’ল (xi göl), not সি গ’লে (xi göle). | |||||||
❋ Note 4: Other 3rd person pronouns have the same conjugation. Click here to see other personal pronouns. |
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घर्म (gharmá). Doublet of গরম (gorom).
ঘাম • (gham)