ἄναξ

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See also: άναξ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier ϝάναξ (wánax), ϝάνακος (wánakos). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀷𐀙𐀏 (wa-na-ka) as well as Phrygian ουανακταν (ouanaktan /⁠wanaktan⁠/), Old Phrygian ϝανακτει (vanaktei), which may be an early loan from Greek[1] or from a common third source.

The further origin is unknown, but likely a borrowing from a Pre-Greek substrate language, compare Aquitanian andox.[1] Various alternative Indo-European etymologies have been proposed, including:

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ἄνᾰξ • (ánax) m (genitive ἄνᾰκτος); third declension

  1. lord, king
    1. (of men)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.442–443:
        ὦ Χρύση, πρό μ’ ἔπεμψεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων
        παῖδά τε σοὶ ἀγέμεν
        ô Khrúsē, pró m’ épempsen ánax andrôn Agamémnōn
        paîdá te soì agémen
        Chryses, Agamemnon, king of men, sent me forth
        to bring to you your daughter.
    2. (of gods, often Apollo and Zeus)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.351:
        Ζεῦ ἄνα δὸς τῑ́σασθαι ὅ με πρότερος κάκ’ ἔοργε
        δῖον Ἀλέξανδρον, καὶ ἐμῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶ δάμασσον
        Zeû ána dòs tī́sasthai hó me próteros kák’ éorge
        dîon Aléxandron, kaì emêis hupò khersì dámasson
        O Lord Zeus, grant me to punish the man who first has done me wrong,
        noble Alexander, and beat him down under my hands
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 14–15:
        χαῖρε, μάκαιρ’ ὦ Λητοῖ, ἐπεὶ τέκες ἀγλαὰ τέκνα,
        Ᾱ̓πόλλωνά τ’ ἄνακτα καὶ Ἄρτεμιν ῑ̓οχέαιραν,
        khaîre, mákair’ ô Lētoî, epeì tékes aglaà tékna,
        Āpóllōná t’ ánakta kaì Ártemin īokhéairan,
        Rejoice, blessed Leto, since you have borne glorious children —
        the lord Apollo and Artemis strewer of arrows,
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 513:
        νῦν δ’ αὖτε σωτὴρ ἴσθι καὶ παιώνιος,
        ἄναξ Ἄπολλον.
        nûn d’ aûte sōtḕr ísthi kaì paiṓnios,
        ánax Ápollon.
        But, in other mood, be our preserver and our healer,
        O lord Apollo.
  2. master, owner
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.397–398:
      αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν οἴκοιο ἄναξ ἔσομ’ ἡμετέροιο
      καὶ δμώων, οὕς μοι ληίσσατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.
      autàr egṑn oíkoio ánax ésom’ hēmetéroio
      kaì dmṓōn, hoús moi lēíssato dîos Odusseús.
      But I shall be lord of our own house
      and of the slaves that godlike Odysseus won for me."

Usage notes

  • Often used to refer to Apollo. The vocative ᾰ̓́νᾰ (ána) is used only as an address to gods, for example in Ζεῦ ἄνα (Zeû ána, “O Zeus”).
  • The vocative ἄναξ (ánax) can be combined with the vocative particle ὦ (ô) to form ὦναξ (ônax, “O lord”).

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ ᾰ̓́ναξ; τοῦ ᾰ̓́νακτος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ ᾰ̓́ναξ
ho ánax 		τὼ ᾰ̓́νακτε
tṑ ánakte 		οἱ ᾰ̓́νακτες
hoi ánaktes
Genitive τοῦ ᾰ̓́νακτος
toû ánaktos 		τοῖν ᾰ̓νάκτοιν
toîn anáktoin 		τῶν ᾰ̓νάκτων
tôn anáktōn
Dative τῷ ᾰ̓́νακτῐ
tôi ánakti 		τοῖν ᾰ̓νάκτοιν
toîn anáktoin 		τοῖς ᾰ̓́ναξῐ / ᾰ̓́ναξῐν
toîs ánaxi(n)
Accusative τὸν ᾰ̓́νακτᾰ
tòn ánakta 		τὼ ᾰ̓́νακτε
tṑ ánakte 		τοὺς ᾰ̓́νακτᾰς
toùs ánaktas
Vocative ᾰ̓́ναξ / ᾰ̓́νᾰ
ánax / ána 		ᾰ̓́νακτε
ánakte 		ᾰ̓́νακτες
ánaktes
Notes:
Third declension of ὁ ϝᾰ̓́ναξ; τοῦ ϝᾰ̓́νακτος (Laconian)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ ϝᾰ̓́ναξ
ho wánax 		τὼ ϝᾰ̓́νακτε
tṑ wánakte 		τοὶ ϝᾰ̓́νακτες
toì wánaktes
Genitive τοῦ ϝᾰ̓́νακτος
toû wánaktos 		τοῖν ϝᾰ̓νάκτοιν
toîn wanáktoin 		τῶν ϝᾰ̓νάκτων
tôn wanáktōn
Dative τῷ ϝᾰ̓́νακτῐ
tôi wánakti 		τοῖν ϝᾰ̓νάκτοιν
toîn wanáktoin 		τοῖς ϝᾰ̓́ναξῐ / ϝᾰ̓́ναξῐν
toîs wánaxi(n)
Accusative τὸν ϝᾰ̓́νακτᾰ
tòn wánakta 		τὼ ϝᾰ̓́νακτε
tṑ wánakte 		τὼς ϝᾰ̓́νακτᾰς
tṑs wánaktas
Vocative ϝᾰ̓́ναξ / ϝᾰ̓́νᾰ
wánax / wána 		ϝᾰ̓́νακτε
wánakte 		ϝᾰ̓́νακτες
wánaktes
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: άναξ (ánax)
  • → Translingual: Anax

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄναξ, -ακτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 98-99
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 268
  3. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₂eĝ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 267, 270

Further reading

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