匕首

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Chinese

dagger; ladle; an ancient type of spoon
head; chief; first (occasion)
head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems
 
trad. (匕首) 匕 首
simp. #(匕首) 匕 首
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Pronunciation

Rime
Character 匕 首
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (15) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 卑履切 書九切
Baxter pjijX syuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/piɪX/ /ɕɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piX/ /ɕiuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pjɪX/ /ɕiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piX/ /ɕuwX/
Li
Rong 		/piX/ /ɕiuX/
Wang
Li 		/piX/ /ɕĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/piX/ /ɕi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bǐ shǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bei2 sau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 匕 匕 首
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǐ bǐ shǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjijX › ‹ pjijX › ‹ syuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pijʔ/ /*pijʔ/ /*l̥uʔ/
English ladle, spoon spoon head

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 匕 首
Reading # 1/1 1/2
No. 484 11671
Phonetic
component 		匕 首
Rime
group 		脂 幽
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		匕 首
Old
Chinese 		/*pilʔ/ /*hljuʔ/

Noun

匕首

  1. dagger (Classifier: 把 m)

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (匕首):
  • → Japanese: 匕(ひ)首(しゅ) (hishu)
  • → Korean: 비수(匕首) (bisu)

Others (very likely false):[1]

References

  1. ^ Austronesian Comparative Dictionary - *pisaw

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
匕 首
ひ
Hyōgai 		しゅ
Grade: 2
goon

From Chinese 匕首, possibly from Middle Chinese. Appears in texts from at least the 1300s.[1]

The Chinese dagger was sometimes used for assassination, and had a spoon-shaped blade tip designed to inflict damage on the victim's neck. Hence the spelling, literally 匕 (bǐ, “spoon”) + 首 (shǒu, “neck”).

Pronunciation

Noun

匕(ひ)首(しゅ) • (hishu) 

  1. Synonym of あいくち: aikuchi, a type of 短刀(たんとう) (tantō) dagger

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
匕 首
あいくち
Hyōgai Grade: 2
jukujikun

The spelling is Jukujikun (熟字訓), based on a roughly similar kind of dagger used in China. That dagger was sometimes used for assassination, and had a spoon-shaped blade tip designed to inflict damage on the victim's neck. Hence the spelling, literally 匕 (bǐ, “spoon”) + 首 (shǒu, “neck”).

For pronunciation and definitions of 匕首 – see the following entry.
【あいくち】
匕首, 合口, 合い口: a specific type of dagger with no crossguard, where the hilt fits directly against the opening of the scabbard, often kept concealed in one's clothing
Alternative spellings
合口, 合い口
(This term, 匕首, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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