存じる

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
存
ぞん
Grade: 6
goon

Etymology

Shift from verb 存ず (zonzu).

Natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation

Verb

存(ぞん)じる • (zonjiru) transitive ichidan (stem 存(ぞん)じ (zonji), past 存(ぞん)じた (zonjita))

  1. (humble) to think, feel, know
    Synonyms: 思う (omou), 考える (kangaeru)
  2. (humble) to be aware of, know
    Synonyms: 知る (shiru), 承知する (shōchi suru)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "存じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 存じ ぞんじ zonji
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 存じ ぞんじ zonji
Shūshikei ("terminal") 存じる ぞんじる zonjiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 存じる ぞんじる zonjiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 存じれ ぞんじれ zonjire
Meireikei ("imperative") 存じよ¹
存じろ² 		ぞんじよ¹
ぞんじろ² 		zonjiyo¹
zonjiro²
Key constructions
Passive 存じられる ぞんじられる zonjirareru
Causative 存じさせる
存じさす 		ぞんじさせる
ぞんじさす 		zonjisaseru
zonjisasu
Potential 存じられる
存じれる³ 		ぞんじられる
ぞんじれる³ 		zonjirareru
zonjireru³
Volitional 存じよう ぞんじよう zonjiyō
Negative 存じない
存じぬ
存じん 		ぞんじない
ぞんじぬ
ぞんじん 		zonjinai
zonjinu
zonjin
Negative continuative 存じず ぞんじず zonjizu
Formal 存じます ぞんじます zonjimasu
Perfective 存じた ぞんじた zonjita
Conjunctive 存じて ぞんじて zonjite
Hypothetical conditional 存じれば ぞんじれば zonjireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "存ず" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 存ぜ ぞんぜ zonze
Continuative (連用形) 存じ ぞんじ zonzi
Terminal (終止形) 存ず ぞんず zonzu
Attributive (連体形) 存ずる ぞんずる zonzuru
Realis (已然形) 存ずれ ぞんずれ zonzure
Imperative (命令形) 存ぜよ ぞんぜよ zonzeyo
Key constructions
Negative 存ぜず ぞんぜず zonzezu
Contrasting conjunction 存ずれど ぞんずれど zonzuredo
Causal conjunction 存ずれば ぞんずれば zonzureba
Conditional conjunction 存ぜば ぞんぜば zonzeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 存じき ぞんじき zonziki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 存じけり ぞんじけり zonzikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 存じつ ぞんじつ zonzitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 存じぬ ぞんじぬ zonzinu
Perfect-continuative tense 存ぜり
存じたり		 ぞんぜり
ぞんじたり		 zonzeri
zonzitari
Volitional 存ぜむ ぞんぜむ zonzemu

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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