真空
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See also: 眞空
Chinese
| real; true; genuine | emptied; leisure; air emptied; leisure; air; sky; empty; in vain | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (真空/眞空) | 真/眞 | 空 | |
| simp. (真空) | 真 | 空 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zan1 hung1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chin-khong
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsen-khon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ ㄎㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhenkong
- Wade–Giles: chên1-kʻung1
- Yale: jēn-kūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenkong
- Palladius: чжэнькун (čžɛnʹkun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zan1 hung1
- Yale: jān hūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzan1 hung1
- Guangdong Romanization: zen1 hung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐn⁵⁵ hʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chin-khong
- Tâi-lô: tsin-khong
- Phofsit Daibuun: cinqofng
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sin³³ kʰɔŋ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsyin khuwng
Noun
真空
- (physics or figuratively) vacuum
- 信仰真空 ― xìnyǎng zhēnkōng ― belief vacuum
- (Buddhism) any phenomenon without material existence (clarification of this definition is needed)
Derived terms
Verb
真空
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 真 | 空 |
| しん Grade: 3 |
くう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | goon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 眞空 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 真空 (MC tsyin khuwng).
First attested in the 懐風藻 (Kaifūsō) anthology of Sinitic poetry written by Japanese authors, compiled in 751.[1]
The modern sense of vacuum is first attested in 1876.[1]
Pronunciation
Adjective
真空 • (shinkū) -na (adnominal 真空な (shinkū na), adverbial 真空に (shinkū ni))
Usage notes
Monolingual dictionaries do not include any adjective sense,[1][2][3] suggesting that this usage may be a recent development that is not yet considered standard.
Inflection
Inflection of 真空
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 真空だろ | しんくうだろ | shinkū daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 真空で | しんくうで | shinkū de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 真空だ | しんくうだ | shinkū da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 真空な | しんくうな | shinkū na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 真空なら | しんくうなら | shinkū nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 真空であれ | しんくうであれ | shinkū de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 真空ではない 真空じゃない |
しんくうではない しんくうじゃない |
shinkū de wa nai shinkū ja nai |
| Informal past | 真空だった | しんくうだった | shinkū datta |
| Informal negative past | 真空ではなかった 真空じゃなかった |
しんくうではなかった しんくうじゃなかった |
shinkū de wa nakatta shinkū ja nakatta |
| Formal | 真空です | しんくうです | shinkū desu |
| Formal negative | 真空ではありません 真空じゃありません |
しんくうではありません しんくうじゃありません |
shinkū de wa arimasen shinkū ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 真空でした | しんくうでした | shinkū deshita |
| Formal negative past | 真空ではありませんでした 真空じゃありませんでした |
しんくうではありませんでした しんくうじゃありませんでした |
shinkū de wa arimasen deshita shinkū ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 真空で | しんくうで | shinkū de |
| Conditional | 真空なら（ば） | しんくうなら（ば） | shinkū nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 真空だったら | しんくうだったら | shinkū dattara |
| Volitional | 真空だろう | しんくうだろう | shinkū darō |
| Adverbial | 真空に | しんくうに | shinkū ni |
| Degree | 真空さ | しんくうさ | shinkūsa |
Noun
- (physics) vacuum: a region of space that contains no matter, a void
- (figurative) a blank, an empty slate
- 1907, Natsume Sōseki, 虞美人草 (Gubijinsō) [The Poppy] (fiction):
- 欽吾と藤尾の事を引き抜くと頭は真空になる。
- Kingo to Fujio no koto o hikinuku to atama wa shinkū ni naru.
- Pulling out thoughts of Kingo and Fujio leave his head a blank slate.
- 欽吾と藤尾の事を引き抜くと頭は真空になる。
- (Buddhism) sunyata: void, emptiness, non-existence; also, in the early Buddhist schools, enlightenment, nirvana
Derived terms
- 真空管 (shinkūkan, “a vacuum tube”)
- 真空パック (shinkū pakku, “a vacuum pack”)
- 真空ポンプ (shinkū ponpu, “a vacuum pump”)
See also
- 虚空 (kokū, “empty space”)
- 空間 (kūkan, “a space, an open area”)
- 無明 (mumyō, “unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana”)
- 禅 (zen, “Zen or Chan Buddhism”)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 真 | 空 |
Noun
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 真 | 空 |
Noun
真空
- chữ Hán form of chân không (“vacuum”).