鼓動

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See also: 鼓动

Chinese

		convex; drum; to rouse convex; drum; to rouse; to beat	to move; to change; to use to move; to change; to use; to act
trad. (鼓動)		鼓	動
simp. (鼓动)		鼓	动

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǔdòng

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu² dung⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-tōng / kó͘-tǒng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gou² dong⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔdòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔdòng
  - Wade–Giles: ku³-tung⁴
  - Yale: gǔ-dùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guudonq
  - Palladius: гудун (gudun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu² dung⁶
  - Yale: gú duhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu² dung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu² dung⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵ tʊŋ²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-tōng
  - Tâi-lô: kóo-tōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofdong
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-tǒng
  - Tâi-lô: kóo-tǒng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gou² dong⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu tŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou⁵²⁻³⁵ toŋ³⁵/

Verb

鼓動

to inspire; to urge
to instigate; to incite
to fan; to flap

Synonyms

(to inspire):

勉勵／勉励 (miǎnlì)
勸／劝 (quàn)
勗勉／勖勉 (xùmiǎn) (literary)
激勵／激励 (jīlì)
砥礪／砥砺 (dǐlì)
鼓勵／鼓励 (gǔlì)
鼓舞 (gǔwǔ)

(to instigate):

(to fan): 扇動／扇动 (shāndòng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
鼓	動
こ Grade: S	どう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こどー (Heiban – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

鼓(こ)動(どう) • (kodō)

beating, pounding

Verb

鼓(こ)動(どう)する • (kodō suru) suru (stem 鼓(こ)動(どう)し (kodō shi), past 鼓(こ)動(どう)した (kodō shita))

beat, pound
- 1905–06, Natsume Sōseki, I Am a Cat (text here)
  心(しん)臓(ぞう)はたしかに平(へい)時(じ)よりも烈(はげ)しく鼓(こ)動(どう)しておった。
  Shinzō wa tashika ni heiji yori mo hageshiku kodō shite otta.
  My heart was beating much harder than normal.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "鼓動する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	鼓動し	こどうし	kodō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	鼓動し	こどうし	kodō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	鼓動する	こどうする	kodō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	鼓動する	こどうする	kodō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	鼓動すれ	こどうすれ	kodō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	鼓動せよ¹ 鼓動しろ²	こどうせよ¹ こどうしろ²	kodō seyo¹ kodō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	鼓動される	こどうされる	kodō sareru
Causative	鼓動させる鼓動さす	こどうさせるこどうさす	kodō saseru kodō sasu
Potential	鼓動できる	こどうできる	kodō dekiru
Volitional	鼓動しよう	こどうしよう	kodō shiyō
Negative	鼓動しない	こどうしない	kodō shinai
Negative continuative	鼓動せず	こどうせず	kodō sezu
Formal	鼓動します	こどうします	kodō shimasu
Perfective	鼓動した	こどうした	kodō shita
Conjunctive	鼓動して	こどうして	kodō shite
Hypothetical conditional	鼓動すれば	こどうすれば	kodō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
鼓	動

Noun

鼓動 • (godong) (hangeul 고동)

hanja form^? of 고동 (“pounding of the heart”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
鼓	動

Verb

鼓動

chữ Hán form of cổ động (“to cheer in competition”).

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