| Uyghur script | 𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk /elig/) |
|---|
By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽶𐾁 (ʾyl /él/, “realm”) + -𐾁𐽶𐽷 (-lyk /-lig/), from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄l (“realm”). Cognate with Volga Bulgar يَال (yêl, “tribe”), Orkhon Turkic 𐰃𐰠 (il², “realm”).
Unrelated to 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽱𐽾 (ʾyltβr /élteber/, “a title for kings and rulers”), which is ultimately from Sogdian 𐼹𐼰𐽂𐼱𐽀 (δʾtβr), Bactrian υιλιτοβηρο (uilitobēro) and Middle Persian lytβyyr. Compare Orkhon Turkic 𐰃𐰠𐱅𐰋𐰼 (il²t²b²r² /Élteber/) and Bulgar يلطوار (/Yeltewêr/), borrowed from the same Indo-Iranian source.
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /élig, élég/)
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾylyklʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyknynk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyklʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾylykkʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷 (ʾylykyk), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾylykny) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyklʾryk), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾylyklʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽰 (ʾylykdʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrdʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykdyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾrdyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾylykcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾylykkʾrw), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽰 (ʾylykrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾylyklʾyw) |
From Proto-Turkic *elig ~ *ẹlig (“hand”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰠𐰏 (l²g /elig/).
Both the 'open-e' (é) (𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk)) and 'close-e' (e/ä) (𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk)) variants can be seen attested, with élig being more common. Compare the similar developments in the Eastern Turkic branches, with Northern Altai элиг (elig, “finger's width”), элӱ (elü), Shor инге (“hand”) and Yakut илии (ilii, “hand”), suggesting an areal shift perhaps to distinguish 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /élig/, “hand, handsbreadth (unit of measure)”) from 𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk /elig/, “fifty”).
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /élig/)
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾylyklʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyknynk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyklʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾylykkʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷 (ʾylykyk), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾylykny) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyklʾryk), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾylyklʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽰 (ʾylykdʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrdʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykdyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾrdyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾylykcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾylykkʾrw), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽰 (ʾylykrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾylyklʾyw) |