κῆρυξ

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

By the long -ύ- and enlarged -κ-, suggested by Beekes to be a Pre-Greek word, but for Bernal this is from Egyptian qꜣ ḫrw (“loud voice”), both rejecting the frequent comparison to Sanskrit कारु (kāru, “singer, poet”).

Pronunciation

 

Noun

κῆρῠξ • (kêrux) m (genitive κήρῡκος); third declension

  1. herald, pursuivant
  2. public messenger, envoy
    Synonym: ἀπόστολος (apóstolos)
  3. crier, who made proclamation and kept order in assemblies
  4. auctioneer
  5. trumpet shell (Charonia lampas)
    Synonym: στρόμβος (strómbos)
  6. an attendant of kings or chiefs sometimes found discharging the general duties of a slave or servant, particularly in Homer
    Synonym: θεράπων (therápōn)

Declension

Third declension of ὁ κῆρῠξ; τοῦ κήρῡκος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ κῆρῠξ
ho kêrux 		τὼ κήρῡκε
tṑ kḗrūke 		οἱ κήρῡκες
hoi kḗrūkes
Genitive τοῦ κήρῡκος
toû kḗrūkos 		τοῖν κηρῡ́κοιν
toîn kērū́koin 		τῶν κηρῡ́κων
tôn kērū́kōn
Dative τῷ κήρῡκῐ
tôi kḗrūki 		τοῖν κηρῡ́κοιν
toîn kērū́koin 		τοῖς κήρῡξῐ / κήρῡξῐν
toîs kḗrūxi(n)
Accusative τὸν κήρῡκᾰ
tòn kḗrūka 		τὼ κήρῡκε
tṑ kḗrūke 		τοὺς κήρῡκᾰς
toùs kḗrūkas
Vocative κῆρῠξ
kêrux 		κήρῡκε
kḗrūke 		κήρῡκες
kḗrūkes
Notes:
Third declension of κῆρῠξ; κήρῡκος (Epic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative κῆρῠξ
kêrux 		κήρῡκε
kḗrūke 		κήρῡκες
kḗrūkes
Genitive κήρῡκος
kḗrūkos 		κηρῡ́κοιῐν
kērū́koiin 		κηρῡ́κων
kērū́kōn
Dative κήρῡκῐ
kḗrūki 		κηρῡ́κοιῐν
kērū́koiin 		κήρῡξῐ / κήρῡξῐν / κηρῡ́κεσσῐ / κηρῡ́κεσσῐν / κηρῡ́κεσῐ / κηρῡ́κεσῐν
kḗrūxi(n) / kērū́kessi(n) / kērū́kesi(n)
Accusative κήρῡκᾰ
kḗrūka 		κήρῡκε
kḗrūke 		κήρῡκᾰς
kḗrūkas
Vocative κῆρῠξ
kêrux 		κήρῡκε
kḗrūke 		κήρῡκες
kḗrūkes
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “κῆρυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “κῆρυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “κῆρυξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • κῆρυξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • κῆρυξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  • Bernal, Martin (2006) Black Athena. Volume III. The Linguistic Evidence, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, →ISBN, pages 415, 451
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