человек

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Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic человѣкъ (čelověkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ, *čelověkъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
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Noun

челове́к (čelovékm anim (genitive челове́ка, nominative plural лю́ди or челове́ки*, genitive plural люде́й or челове́к* or челове́ков*, relational adjective челове́ческий or челове́чий or людско́й, diminutive челове́чек, augmentative челове́чище, pejorative челове́чишко) (* Nominative plural - rare, poetic, other cases of челове́к in plural are used with numbers.)

  1. person, human being, man
  2. (collective, singular only) mankind, man, the human race
    взаимоде́йствие челове́ка и приро́дыvzaimodéjstvije čelovéka i priródyman's (mankind's) interaction with nature
  3. also plural when used with cardinal words:
    оди́н челове́кodín čelovékone person
    два челове́каdva čelovékatwo persons, people
    пять челове́кpjatʹ čelovékfive persons, people
    де́сять челове́кdésjatʹ čelovékten persons, people
    два́дцать челове́кdvádcatʹ čelovéktwenty persons, people
    два́дцать оди́н челове́кdvádcatʹ odín čelovéktwenty-one persons, people
    два́дцать два челове́каdvádcatʹ dva čelovékatwenty-two persons, people

Usage notes

  • Usage of челове́к with numerals: The genitive plural form челове́к is used only after whole numbers (tens, hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.), numbers ending in () (i.e. those ending in 5–9, except 15–19) and after не́сколько (néskolʹko), ско́лько (skólʹko) (also - ско́лько люде́й), and sometimes after мно́го (mnógo). Use the genitive singular of челове́к (челове́ка (čelovéka)) after simple or compound numbers ending in два (dva) (2), три (tri) (3), or четы́ре (četýre) (4). Use the nominative singular of челове́к (челове́к) after simple or compound numbers ending in оди́н (odín) (1). Otherwise, the plural of челове́к is the form лю́ди.
  • Derivations, e.g. получелове́к (polučelovék), and compound words with челове́к, e.g. сне́жный челове́к (snéžnyj čelovék) or челове́к разу́мный (čelovék razúmnyj), do not necessarily follow the same usage.

Declension

Derived terms