ܩܕܡ

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See also: ܩܪܡ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܩ ܕ ܡ (q d m)
12 terms

From Aramaic קְדַם (qəḏam); related to Arabic قَدَمَ (qadama) and Hebrew קָדַם (kadám).

Pronunciation

Verb

ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ (qāḏēm)

  1. to precede, to come before
Conjugation
Conjugation of ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ
gerund ܒܸܩܕ݂ܵܡܵܐ (biqḏāmā)
verbal noun ܩܕ݂ܵܡܵܐ (qḏāmā)
singular plural
passive participle m ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܵܐ (qḏīmā) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܹ̈ܐ (qḏīmē)
f ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܬܵܐ (qḏīmtā)
agent noun m ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܵܐ (qāḏōmā) ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܹ̈ܐ (qāḏōmē)
f ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܬܵܐ (qāḏōmtā) ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܝ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (qāḏōmyāṯā)
instance noun ܩܕ݂ܵܡܬܵܐ (qḏāmtā) ܩܕ݂ܵܡ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (qḏāmyāṯā)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܝܼ (qḏīm lī) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (qḏīm lōḵ) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܹܗ (qḏīm lēh) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܲܢ (qḏīm lan) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qḏīm lāwḵōn) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܗܘܿܢ (qḏīm lhōn)
f ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (qḏīm lāḵ) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܵܗ̇ (qḏīm lāh)
active non-past m ܩܵܕ݂ܡܹܢ (qāḏmēn) ܩܵܕ݂ܡܹܬ (qāḏmēt) ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ (qāḏēm) ܩܵܕ݂ܡܲܚ (qāḏmaḥ) ܩܵܕ݂ܡܝܼܬܘܿܢ (qāḏmītōn) ܩܵܕ݂ܡܝܼ (qāḏmī)
f ܩܵܕ݂ܡܵܢ (qāḏmān) ܩܵܕ݂ܡܵܬܝ (qāḏmāt) ܩܵܕ݂ܡܵܐ (qāḏmā)
passive past m ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܸܢ (qḏīmin) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܸܬ (qḏīmit) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ (qḏīm) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܸܚ (qḏīmiḥ) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܝܼܬܘܿܢ (qḏīmītōn) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܝܼ (qḏīmī)
f ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܲܢ (qḏīman) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܲܬܝ (qḏīmat) ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܵܐ (qḏīmā)
imperative m ܩܕ݂ܘܿܡ (qḏōm) ܩܕ݂ܘܿܡܘܼܢ (qḏōmūn)
f ܩܕ݂ܘܿܡܝ (qḏōm)

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Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Aramaic קֳדָם (qŏḏām); related to Hebrew קֹדֶם (kódem), Akkadian 𒁾𒊕 (qudmu ) and Arabic قُدَّامَ (quddāma).

Pronunciation

Preposition

ܩܵܕ݇ܡ or ܩܕ݂ܵܡ (qām or qḏām)

  1. (spatially) before, in front of, facing
    ܨܠܝܼ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܝܵܡܵܐṣlī qām yāmāGo down in front of the sea
    ܟܹܐ ܡܲܘܕܹܝܢ ܩܵܕ݇ܡܘܼܟ݂kē mawdēn qāmōḵI give thanks before you
  2. (temporally) before, in advance of, prior to (see usage notes)
    ܥܪܘܿܩ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢ ܕܡܵܛܹܐˁrōq qām min d-māṭēFlee before he arrives
    ܕܲܩܝܼܩܵܐ ܡܸܢ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܫܘܼܠܵܡܵܐdaqīqā min qām šullāmāA minute before the end
    ܐܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܙܹܠ݇ܢ ܩܲܕ݇ܡܵܝܵܐ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢܵܗ̇
    ānā āzēn qammāyā qām minnāh
    I go first before her
  3. in (adversity)
    ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܛܪܵܐ ܘܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܕܵܠܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ
    qām miṭrā w-qām dālōpē
    in rain and in drizzle.
  4. from (adversity)
    ܥܪܝܼܩ ܠܝܼ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܒܵܒܝܼˁrīq lī qām bābīI fled from my father.
  5. ago
    ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܬܪܹܝܢ ܝܲܘܡܹ̈ܐqām trēn yawmēTwo days ago
    ܐ݇ܙܝܼܠ ܠܹܗ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܚܲܡܸܫ ܫܵܥܹ̈ܐzīl lēh qām ḥammiš šāˁēHe left 5 hours ago
Usage notes
  • When taking pronouns, the temporal sense uses the form ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢ-qām min-, for example ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢܹܗqām minnēhBefore him (temporally). However, the spatial sense attaches pronouns to ܩܵܕ݇ܡ itself, for example, ܩܵܕ݇ܡܹܗqāmēhIn front of him, before him (spatially).
  • The English adverb and preposition before is translated as ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܗܵܕܲܟ݂ (qām hādaḵ) or a phrase like ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ (qām ˁiddānā, literally before (this) time) or ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ (qām ādīyā, literally before now) used as an adverb.
    ܗܸܟ̃ ܠܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܥܒ݂ܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ
    hič lā ìwen ˁḇīḏā hānā qām ˁiddānā
    I have never done this before
Inflection
Inflection of ܩܵܕ݇ܡ
base form ܩܵܕ݇ܡ (qām)
Personal-pronoun including forms
singular plural
m f
1st person ܩܵܕ݇ܡܝܼ (qāmī) ܩܵܕ݇ܡܲܢ (qāman)
2nd person ܩܵܕ݇ܡܘܼܟ݂ (qāmōḵ) ܩܵܕ݇ܡܵܟ݂ܝ (qāmāḵ) ܩܵܕ݇ܡܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qāmawḵōn)
3rd person ܩܵܕ݇ܡܹܗ (qāmēh) ܩܵܕ݇ܡܵܗ̇ (qāmāh) ܩܵܕ݇ܡܗܘܿܢ (qāmhōn)
Antonyms
Derived terms

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܩ ܕ ܡ related to preceding. Compare Arabic قَدَمَ (qadama) and Hebrew קָדַם (qāḏam).

Pronunciation

Verb

ܩܕܡ (transliteration needed)

  1. to precede, to come before

Etymology 2

From the root ܩ ܕ ܡ related to preceding. Compare Akkadian 𒁾𒊕 (qudmu ) and Hebrew קֹדֶם (qṓḏem).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Conjunction

ܩܕܡ (transliteration needed)

  1. before

Preposition

ܩܕܡ (transliteration needed)

  1. before, in front of
  2. among, in the presence of
  3. against
Inflection

Takes type-II suffixes.

Inflection of ܩܕܡ
person singular plural
m f m f
1st person ܩܕܡܝ ܩܕܡܝܢ
2nd person ܩܕܡܝܟ ܩܕܡܝܟܝ ܩܕܡܝܟܘܢ ܩܕܡܝܟܝܢ
3rd person ܩܕܡܘܗܝ ܩܕܡܝܗ ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ ܩܕܡܝܗܝܢ
Antonyms

References

  • qdm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 310a
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 490b
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 1318a–b