नरक

Hindi

Alternative forms

नर्क (nark)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नरक (naraka).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /nə.ɾək/,

Noun

नरक • (narak) m

hell
Synonym: (Islam) जहन्नुम (jahannum)

Declension

Declension of नरक (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	नरक narak	नरक narak
oblique	नरक narak	नरकों narakõ
vocative	नरक narak	नरको narako

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘡𑘨𑘎 (naraka, “hell”), from Sanskrit नरक (naraka, “hell”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nə.ɾək/

Noun

नरक • (narak) m

hell
Antonym: स्वर्ग (svarga)

Declension

Declension of नरक (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	नरक narak
direct plural	नरक narak
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	नरक narak	नरक narak
oblique सामान्यरूप	नरका narkā	नरकां- narkān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	नरकाला narkālā	नरकांना narkānnā
ergative	नरकाने, नरकानं narkāne, narkāna	नरकांनी narkānnī
instrumental	नरकाशी narkāśī	नरकांशी narkānśī
locative सप्तमी	नरकात narkāt	नरकांत narkāt
vocative संबोधन	नरका narkā	नरकांनो narkānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of नरक (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	नरकाचा narkāċā	नरकाचे narkāċe	नरकाची narkācī	नरकाच्या narkācā	नरकाचे, नरकाचं narkāċe, narkāċa	नरकाची narkācī	नरकाच्या narkācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	नरकांचा narkānċā	नरकांचे narkānċe	नरकांची narkāñcī	नरकांच्या narkāncā	नरकांचे, नरकांचं narkānċe, narkānċa	नरकांची narkāñcī	नरकांच्या narkāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “नरक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “नरक”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Nepali

Alternative forms

नर्क (narka)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Phonetic Devanagari: नरक्

Noun

नरक • (narak)

hell

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

naraka (Latin script)
𑀦𑀭𑀓 (Brahmi script)
নরক (Bengali script)
නරක (Sinhalese script)
နရက or ၼရၵ (Burmese script)
นรก or นะระกะ (Thai script)
ᨶᩁᨠ (Tai Tham script)
ນຣກ or ນະຣະກະ (Lao script)
នរក (Khmer script)
𑄚𑄢𑄇 (Chakma script)

Noun

नरक m

Devanagari script form of naraka (“hell”)

Declension

Declension table of "नरक" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	नरको (narako)	नरका (narakā)
Accusative (second)	नरकं (narakaṃ)	नरके (narake)
Instrumental (third)	नरकेन (narakena)	नरकेहि (narakehi) or नरकेभि (narakebhi)
Dative (fourth)	नरकस्स (narakassa) or नरकाय (narakāya) or नरकत्थं (narakatthaṃ)	नरकानं (narakānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	नरकस्मा (narakasmā) or नरकम्हा (narakamhā) or नरका (narakā)	नरकेहि (narakehi) or नरकेभि (narakebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	नरकस्स (narakassa)	नरकानं (narakānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	नरकस्मिं (narakasmiṃ) or नरकम्हि (narakamhi) or नरके (narake)	नरकेसु (narakesu)
Vocative (calling)	नरक (naraka)	नरका (narakā)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

নৰক (Assamese script)
ᬦᬭᬓ (Balinese script)
নরক (Bengali script)
𑰡𑰨𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀦𑀭𑀓 (Brahmi script)
နရက (Burmese script)
નરક (Gujarati script)
ਨਰਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌨𑌰𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦤꦫꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂢𑂩𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ನರಕ (Kannada script)
នរក (Khmer script)
ນຣກ (Lao script)
നരക (Malayalam script)
ᠨᠠᡵᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘡𑘨𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠨᠠᠷᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧁𑧈𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐣𑐬𑐎 (Newa script)
ନରକ (Odia script)
ꢥꢬꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆤𑆫𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖡𑖨𑖎 (Siddham script)
නරක (Sinhalese script)
𑩯𑩼𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚝𑚤𑚊 (Takri script)
நரக (Tamil script)
నరక (Telugu script)
นรก (Thai script)
ན་ར་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒢𑒩𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨝𑨫𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Possibly related to Ancient Greek νέρθεν (nérthen), ἔνεροι (éneroi, “those below (the earth)”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /nɐ́.ɾɐ.kɐ/, /nɐ.ɾɐ́.kɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪ɐ.ɾɐ.kɐ/

Noun

नरक • (náraka, naráka) stem, m or n

hell

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of नरक (náraka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	नरकः nárakaḥ	नरकौ / नरका¹ nárakau / nárakā¹	नरकाः / नरकासः¹ nárakāḥ / nárakāsaḥ¹
Vocative	नरक náraka	नरकौ / नरका¹ nárakau / nárakā¹	नरकाः / नरकासः¹ nárakāḥ / nárakāsaḥ¹
Accusative	नरकम् nárakam	नरकौ / नरका¹ nárakau / nárakā¹	नरकान् nárakān
Instrumental	नरकेण nárakeṇa	नरकाभ्याम् nárakābhyām	नरकैः / नरकेभिः¹ nárakaiḥ / nárakebhiḥ¹
Dative	नरकाय nárakāya	नरकाभ्याम् nárakābhyām	नरकेभ्यः nárakebhyaḥ
Ablative	नरकात् nárakāt	नरकाभ्याम् nárakābhyām	नरकेभ्यः nárakebhyaḥ
Genitive	नरकस्य nárakasya	नरकयोः nárakayoḥ	नरकाणाम् nárakāṇām
Locative	नरके nárake	नरकयोः nárakayoḥ	नरकेषु nárakeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of नरक (náraka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	नरकम् nárakam	नरके nárake	नरकाणि / नरका¹ nárakāṇi / nárakā¹
Vocative	नरक náraka	नरके nárake	नरकाणि / नरका¹ nárakāṇi / nárakā¹
Accusative	नरकम् nárakam	नरके nárake	नरकाणि / नरका¹ nárakāṇi / nárakā¹
Instrumental	नरकेण nárakeṇa	नरकाभ्याम् nárakābhyām	नरकैः / नरकेभिः¹ nárakaiḥ / nárakebhiḥ¹
Dative	नरकाय nárakāya	नरकाभ्याम् nárakābhyām	नरकेभ्यः nárakebhyaḥ
Ablative	नरकात् nárakāt	नरकाभ्याम् nárakābhyām	नरकेभ्यः nárakebhyaḥ
Genitive	नरकस्य nárakasya	नरकयोः nárakayoḥ	नरकाणाम् nárakāṇām
Locative	नरके nárake	नरकयोः nárakayoḥ	नरकेषु nárakeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Masculine a-stem declension of नरक (naráka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	नरकः narákaḥ	नरकौ / नरका¹ narákau / narákā¹	नरकाः / नरकासः¹ narákāḥ / narákāsaḥ¹
Vocative	नरक náraka	नरकौ / नरका¹ nárakau / nárakā¹	नरकाः / नरकासः¹ nárakāḥ / nárakāsaḥ¹
Accusative	नरकम् narákam	नरकौ / नरका¹ narákau / narákā¹	नरकान् narákān
Instrumental	नरकेण narákeṇa	नरकाभ्याम् narákābhyām	नरकैः / नरकेभिः¹ narákaiḥ / narákebhiḥ¹
Dative	नरकाय narákāya	नरकाभ्याम् narákābhyām	नरकेभ्यः narákebhyaḥ
Ablative	नरकात् narákāt	नरकाभ्याम् narákābhyām	नरकेभ्यः narákebhyaḥ
Genitive	नरकस्य narákasya	नरकयोः narákayoḥ	नरकाणाम् narákāṇām
Locative	नरके naráke	नरकयोः narákayoḥ	नरकेषु narákeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of नरक (naráka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	नरकम् narákam	नरके naráke	नरकाणि / नरका¹ narákāṇi / narákā¹
Vocative	नरक náraka	नरके nárake	नरकाणि / नरका¹ nárakāṇi / nárakā¹
Accusative	नरकम् narákam	नरके naráke	नरकाणि / नरका¹ narákāṇi / narákā¹
Instrumental	नरकेण narákeṇa	नरकाभ्याम् narákābhyām	नरकैः / नरकेभिः¹ narákaiḥ / narákebhiḥ¹
Dative	नरकाय narákāya	नरकाभ्याम् narákābhyām	नरकेभ्यः narákebhyaḥ
Ablative	नरकात् narákāt	नरकाभ्याम् narákābhyām	नरकेभ्यः narákebhyaḥ
Genitive	नरकस्य narákasya	नरकयोः narákayoḥ	नरकाणाम् narákāṇām
Locative	नरके naráke	नरकयोः narákayoḥ	नरकेषु narákeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

नारक (nā́raka, nāraká)

Descendants

→ Chinese: 那落迦 (nàluòjiā)
→ Gujarati: નરક (narak)
→ Hindi: नरक (narak); नर्क (nark)
→ Indonesian: neraka
→ Japanese: 奈落 (naraku)
→ Kannada: ನರಕ (naraka)
→ Korean: 나락 (narak)
→ Malayalam: നരകം (narakaṁ)
→ Malay: neraka (نراک)
→ Old Javanese: naraka
→ Old Marathi: 𑘡𑘨𑘎 (naraka)
- Marathi: नरक (narak)
→ Punjabi: ਨਰਕ (naraka)
→ Tamil: நரகம் (narakam)
→ Telugu: నరకము (narakamu)
→ Thai: นรก (ná-rók)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “नरक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 529, column 3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “nā́raka-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 37

नरक

Hindi

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Marathi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Nepali

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Pali

Alternative forms

Noun

Declension

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia