वच्

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See also: वाच् and वाचा

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognates include Middle Dutch gewāgen (“to speak”), Latin vōx (“voice”), Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps, “voice”) and Persian آواز (âvâz, “voice”).

    Pronunciation

    Root

    वच् • (vac)

    1. to say, speak, utter
    2. to proclaim, declare
    3. to recite
    4. to revile
      • c. 300 CE, Harivaṃśa
      • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa
      • (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎, Colombo, 2009:
        3 ආක්‍රොශන‍්මාමවොචන‍්මාම ජයන‍්මාමහාපයත්
        අත්‍ර යෙ උපනහ්‍යන‍්තෙ වෛරං තෙෂාං න ශාම්‍යති
        3 Ākrośanmāmavocanmāma jayanmāmahāpayat
        Atra ye upanahyante vairaṃ teṣāṃ na śāmyati.
        They abused me, they reviled me, they defeated me and plundered me.
        Hatred does not subside for those who nurse grudges thus.
        (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)

    Usage notes

    This root supplies tenses for ब्रू (brū), which only has a present stem.

    Derived terms

    Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वच् (0 c, 14 e)
    Terms derived from the Sanskrit root वच् (7 c, 0 e)
    Primary Verbal Forms
    Secondary Forms
    Non-Finite Forms
    Derived Nominal Forms
    Prefixed Root Forms

    References

    • Monier Williams (1899) “वच्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 912, column 1.
    • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 151
    • Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “vac”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 489-491
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