सद्

From Proto-Indo-European *sed-. Cognates include Latin sedeō, Old Church Slavonic сѣдѣти (sěděti), Old English sittan (whence English sit).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐd/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐd̪/

सद् • (sad)

1. to sit down
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.29.2:

     योनि॒मेक॒ आ स॑साद॒ द्योत॑नो॒ऽन्तर्दे॒वेषु॒ मेधि॑रः॥

     yóniméka ā́ sasāda dyótanoʼntárdevéṣu médhiraḥ.

     One (Agni) intelligent, resplendent among the gods, is seated in his place (the altar).

2. to sink down, despair, perish

Primary Verbal Forms

Secondary Forms

Non-Finite Forms

Derived Nominal Forms

Prefixed Root Forms

सद् • (sád) stem

1. sitting or dwelling in

• उपनिषद् (upaniṣád)

• Monier Williams (1899) “सद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1138, column 2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 183
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 692-3
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2025) “sad”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.