公家

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Chinese

 
just; honourable; public
just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister
 
home; family; ‑ist
home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
trad. (公家) 公 家
simp. #(公家) 公 家
anagram 家公

Pronunciation 1

Adjective

公家

  1. public
Antonyms

Noun

公家

  1. the state
  2. the public
  3. imperial family
  4. royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government
Synonyms
  • (royal court):
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (公家):

Pronunciation 2

Verb

公家

  1. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to work together; to operate jointly

Adverb

公家

  1. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) jointly; together
    公家出  ―  kongke chhut  ―  (everyone) pay together

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
公 家
く
Grade: 2 		け > げ
Grade: 2
goon
Alternative spelling
公卿
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/kuᵑ ke/ → /kuɡe/

From Middle Chinese 公家 (MC kuwng kae).

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese. Compare modern Mandarin 公家 (gōngjiā, “the state, the public”).

The meaning in Japanese developed from “great house, great family” to then signify “the imperial family”, then by extension the courtiers, and again the nobility.

Pronunciation

Noun

公(く)家(げ) • (kuge) 

  1. the imperial court
    Synonym: 朝廷 (chōtei)
  2. the emperor and courtiers
  3. the nobility in general
    Synonyms: 公 (ōyake), 官家 (kanke)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
公 家
こう
Grade: 2 		か
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 公家 (MC kuwng kae). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Rarely used.

Pronunciation

Noun

公(こう)家(か) • (kōka) 

  1. (rare) the imperial court
  2. (rare) the emperor and courtiers

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
公 家
こう
Grade: 2 		け
Grade: 2
kan’on goon

Mixed reading, using the 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) for 公 and the 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) for 家.

Rarely used.

Pronunciation

Noun

公(こう)家(け) • (kōke) 

  1. (rare) the imperial court
  2. (rare) the emperor and courtiers

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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