凸
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See also: 凹
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Translingual
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Han character
凸 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月尸尸 (BSS), four-corner 77777, composition ⿵⿰⿳丨一丨㇎一)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1809
- Dae Jaweon: page 301, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 307, character 6
- Unihan data for U+51F8
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
凸 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) .
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to 突?”)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dat6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thu̍t
- Eastern Min (BUC): tū / dŏk
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tu
- Wade–Giles: tʻu1
- Yale: tū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tu
- Palladius: ту (tu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tú
- Wade–Giles: tʻu2
- Yale: tú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
- Palladius: ту (tu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dié
- Wade–Giles: tieh2
- Yale: dyé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dye
- Palladius: де (de)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, historical variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
- Wade–Giles: ku3
- Yale: gǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
- Palladius: гу (gu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dat6
- Yale: daht
- Cantonese Pinyin: dat9
- Guangdong Romanization: ded6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: tud
- Hagfa Pinyim: tud6
- Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tū / dŏk
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu³³/, /touʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- tū - colloquial;
- dŏk - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t
- Tâi-lô: tu̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: dut
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tut̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t
- Tâi-lô: thu̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: tut
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰut̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰut̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰut̚¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dug8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tu̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Middle Chinese: dwot, det
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*dɯːd/, /*duːd/
Definitions
凸
Synonyms
- (to protrude):
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “convex”): 凹 (āo, “concave”)
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
凸
Readings
Compounds
- 凹凸 (ōtotsu): bumpy, uneven
- 凸凹 (dekoboko): bumpy, uneven
- 凸版 (toppan): letterpress, relief printing
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Adjective
凸 • (totsu) -na (adnominal 凸な (totsu na), adverbial 凸に (totsu ni))
Inflection
Inflection of 凸
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 凸だろ | とつだろ | totsu daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 凸で | とつで | totsu de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 凸だ | とつだ | totsu da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 凸な | とつな | totsu na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 凸なら | とつなら | totsu nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 凸であれ | とつであれ | totsu de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 凸ではない 凸じゃない |
とつではない とつじゃない |
totsu de wa nai totsu ja nai |
| Informal past | 凸だった | とつだった | totsu datta |
| Informal negative past | 凸ではなかった 凸じゃなかった |
とつではなかった とつじゃなかった |
totsu de wa nakatta totsu ja nakatta |
| Formal | 凸です | とつです | totsu desu |
| Formal negative | 凸ではありません 凸じゃありません |
とつではありません とつじゃありません |
totsu de wa arimasen totsu ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 凸でした | とつでした | totsu deshita |
| Formal negative past | 凸ではありませんでした 凸じゃありませんでした |
とつではありませんでした とつじゃありませんでした |
totsu de wa arimasen deshita totsu ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 凸で | とつで | totsu de |
| Conditional | 凸なら（ば） | とつなら（ば） | totsu nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 凸だったら | とつだったら | totsu dattara |
| Volitional | 凸だろう | とつだろう | totsu darō |
| Adverbial | 凸に | とつに | totsu ni |
| Degree | 凸さ | とつさ | totsusa |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 凸 |
| でこ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 凸 – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, 凸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
Korean
Hanja
凸 (eumhun 볼록하다 철 (bollokhada cheol))
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Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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