判官

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Chinese

to judge; to sentence; to discriminate
to judge; to sentence; to discriminate; to discern
 
 official; government; organ of body
simp. and trad.
(判官) 		判 官

Pronunciation

Noun

判官

  1. (historical) magistrate (clarification of this definition is needed)
  2. (regional) judge
  3. (Chinese mythology) official who assists Yama in the underworld

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
判 官
はん
Grade: 5 		かん > がん
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Literary Chinese 判官 (pànguān).

Pronunciation

Noun

判(はん)官(がん) • (hangan) 

  1. (historical, in feudal China, government, law) a judge or magistrate
  2. (uncommon, government, law) Synonym of 裁判官 (saibankan, “judge; justice”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
判 官
はん > ほう
Grade: 5 		かん > がん
Grade: 4
on'yomi

/hanɡan/ → /hauɡan/ → /hɔːɡan/ → /hoːɡan/.

The proper noun sense is from the fact that Minamoto no Yoshitsune was a 尉(じょう) (jō, see 判官(じょう) (jō)) at a 検(け)非(び)違(い)使(し) (kebiishi, “judicial department”).

Pronunciation

Noun

判(ほう)官(がん) • (hōgan) 

  1. Synonym of 判官 (jō)

Proper noun

判(ほう)官(がん) • (Hōgan) 

  1. Synonym of 源義経 (Minamoto no Yoshitsune)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
判 官
じょう
Grade: 5 Grade: 4
jukujikun
Kanji in this term
判 官
ぞう
Grade: 5 Grade: 4
jukujikun

From the on-reading of 丞(じょう) (jō, literally “help, assistant”), one of the many department/agency-specific spellings of 判官 itself, in this case specific to a 省 (shō, “ministry”). The alternative reading, ぞう, is a result of depalatalization, which is not uncommon.

Pronunciation

Noun

判官(じょう) or 判官(ぞう) • (jō or zō) 

  1. (historical, government) the third rank among the 四等官 (Shitōkan, “Four Ranks”), a system ranking and entitling officials under the 律令 (Ritsuryō)
    Coordinate terms: 長官 (kami), 次官 (suke), 判官 (jō), 主典 (sakan)
    1. 祐: third rank in the 神(じん)祇(ぎ)官(かん) (Jingikan, “Department of Divinities”)
    2. 丞: third rank in the 省(しょう) (shō, “ministries”)
    3. 進: third rank in the 職(しき) (shiki)
    4. 允: third rank in the 寮(りょう) (ryō)
    5. 佑: third rank in the 司(し) (shi)
    6. 尉: third rank in the 兵(ひょう)衛(え)府(ふ) (hyōefu) and 衛(え)門(もん)府(ふ) (emonfu)
    7. 掾: third rank in the 国(こく)司(し) (kokushi, “governor's offices”)

Usage notes

判官 is the most generic spelling; for each department and agency, a specific spelling and alternative readings of that spelling might be preferred.

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
判 官
まつりごとびと
Grade: 5 Grade: 4
jukujikun
Alternative spelling
政人

政(まつりごと) (matsurigoto, “governance”) + ひと (hito, “person”). The hito reading for 人 changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

Noun

判官(まつりごとびと) • (matsurigotobito) 

  1. Synonym of 判官 (jō)
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