功德

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Chinese

		merit; achievement; result merit; achievement; result; service; accomplishment	Germany; virtue; goodness Germany; virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favour; character; kind
simp. and trad. (功德)		功	德

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngdé

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄉㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ dak¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-tet
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kong-tek / kong-tiak

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹ dêg⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngdé
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄉㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongdé
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-tê²
  - Yale: gūng-dé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongder
  - Palladius: гундэ (gundɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    公德
    功德
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gung¹ dak¹
  - Yale: gūng dāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ dak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ deg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    公德
    功德
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-tet
  - Hakka Romanization System: gung´ ded`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gung¹ ded⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ tet̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-tek
  - Tâi-lô: kong-tik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongdeg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-tiak
  - Tâi-lô: kong-tiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongdiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ tiak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong¹ dêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong tek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³⁻²³ tek̚²/

Middle Chinese: kuwng tok

Rime
Character	功	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古紅切	多則切
Baxter	kuwng	tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋ/	/tək̚/
Li Rong	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Wang Li	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōng	de
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung¹	dak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤoŋ tˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ tɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	功	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	dé
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwng ›	‹ tok ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁoŋ/	/*tˁək/
English	work, effort	virtue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	功	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4021	17266
Phonetic component	工	直
Rime group	東	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	公	德
Old Chinese	/*koːŋ/	/*tɯːɡ/

Noun

功德

merits and virtues
(Buddhism) charitable and pious deeds; benefaction; beneficence; works

Derived terms

Further reading

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “功德” in 佛學大辭典 .

Korean

Hanja in this term
功	德

Noun

功德 • (gongdeok) (hangeul 공덕)

Hanja form^? of 공덕 (“good deed”).

Wikious

Boobota

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