갈닦다

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Korean

Etymology

갈 (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?galdakda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?galdakkda
McCune–Reischauer?kaldakta
Yale Romanization?kāltakkta

Verb

갈닦다 • (galdakda) (infinitive 갈닦아, sequential 갈닦으니) (transitive)

  1. to rub, to polish (a stone or jade)
  2. Synonym of 갈고닦다 (galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 갈닦다 (galdakda): consonant-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 갈닦는다
galdangneunda 		갈닦아
galdakka 		갈닦아요
galdakkayo 		갈닦습니다
galdakseumnida
Past 갈닦았다
galdakkatda 		갈닦았어
galdakkasseo 		갈닦았어요
galdakkasseoyo 		갈닦았습니다
galdakkatseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 갈닦느냐
galdangneunya 		갈닦아
galdakka 		갈닦아요
galdakkayo 		갈닦습니까
galdakseumnikka
Past 갈닦았느냐
galdakkanneunya 		갈닦았어
galdakkasseo 		갈닦았어요
galdakkasseoyo 		갈닦았습니까
galdakkatseumnikka
Hortative 갈닦자
galdakja		 갈닦아
galdakka		 갈닦아요
galdakkayo		 갈닦으십시다
galdakkeusipsida
Imperative 갈닦아라
galdakkara		 갈닦아
galdakka		 갈닦아요
galdakkayo		 갈닦읍시오
galdakkeupsio
Assertive 갈닦겠다
galdakgetda		 갈닦겠어
galdakgesseo		 갈닦겠어요
galdakgesseoyo		 갈닦겠습니다
galdakgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 갈닦아
galdakka		 갈닦아서
galdakkaseo		 갈닦으니
galdakkeuni		 갈닦으니까
galdakkeunikka
Contrast 갈닦지만
galdakjiman		 갈닦는데
galdangneunde		 갈닦더니
galdakdeoni
Conjunction 갈닦고
galdakgo
Condition 갈닦으면
galdakkeumyeon		 갈닦아야
galdakkaya
Motive 갈닦으려고
galdakkeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 갈닦음
galdakkeum		 갈닦기
galdakgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 갈닦았음
galdakkasseum		 갈닦았기
galdakkatgi
Determiners Past 갈닦은
galdakkeun
Present 갈닦는
galdangneun
Future 갈닦을
galdakkeul
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 갈닦으신다
galdakkeusinda 		갈닦으셔
galdakkeusyeo 		갈닦으세요, 갈닦으셔요
galdakkeuseyo, galdakkeusyeoyo 		갈닦으십니다
galdakkeusimnida
Past 갈닦으셨다
galdakkeusyeotda 		갈닦으셨어
galdakkeusyeosseo 		갈닦으셨어요
galdakkeusyeosseoyo 		갈닦으셨습니다
galdakkeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 갈닦으시느냐
galdakkeusineunya 		갈닦으셔
galdakkeusyeo 		갈닦으세요, 갈닦으셔요
galdakkeuseyo, galdakkeusyeoyo 		갈닦으십니까
galdakkeusimnikka
Past 갈닦으셨느냐
galdakkeusyeonneunya 		갈닦으셨어
galdakkeusyeosseo 		갈닦으셨어요
galdakkeusyeosseoyo 		갈닦으셨습니까
galdakkeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative 갈닦으시라
galdakkeusira		 갈닦으셔
galdakkeusyeo		 갈닦으세요
galdakkeuseyo		 갈닦으십시오
galdakkeusipsio
Assertive 갈닦으시겠다
galdakkeusigetda		 갈닦으시겠어
galdakkeusigesseo		 갈닦으시겠어요
galdakkeusigesseoyo		 갈닦으시겠습니다
galdakkeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 갈닦으셔
galdakkeusyeo		 갈닦으셔서
galdakkeusyeoseo		 갈닦으시니
galdakkeusini		 갈닦으시니까
galdakkeusinikka
Contrast 갈닦으시지만
galdakkeusijiman		 갈닦으시는데
galdakkeusineunde		 갈닦으시더니
galdakkeusideoni
Conjunction 갈닦으시고
galdakkeusigo
Condition 갈닦으시면
galdakkeusimyeon		 갈닦으셔야
galdakkeusyeoya
Motive 갈닦으시려고
galdakkeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 갈닦으심
galdakkeusim		 갈닦으시기
galdakkeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 갈닦으셨음
galdakkeusyeosseum		 갈닦으셨기
galdakkeusyeotgi
Determiners Past 갈닦으신
galdakkeusin
Present 갈닦으시는
galdakkeusineun
Future 갈닦으실
galdakkeusil
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