갈 (gal-, “to hone”)+ 고 (-go, “and”, connective suffix) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | galgodakda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | galgodakkda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kalgodakta |
| Yale Romanization? | kāl.kotakkta |
갈고닦다 • (galgodakda) (infinitive 갈고닦아, sequential 갈고닦으니)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 갈고닦는다 galgodangneunda |
갈고닦아 galgodakka |
갈고닦아요 galgodakkayo |
갈고닦습니다 galgodakseumnida |
| Past | 갈고닦았다 galgodakkatda |
갈고닦았어 galgodakkasseo |
갈고닦았어요 galgodakkasseoyo |
갈고닦았습니다 galgodakkatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 갈고닦느냐 galgodangneunya |
갈고닦아 galgodakka |
갈고닦아요 galgodakkayo |
갈고닦습니까 galgodakseumnikka |
| Past | 갈고닦았느냐 galgodakkanneunya |
갈고닦았어 galgodakkasseo |
갈고닦았어요 galgodakkasseoyo |
갈고닦았습니까 galgodakkatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 갈고닦자 galgodakja |
갈고닦아 galgodakka |
갈고닦아요 galgodakkayo |
갈고닦으십시다 galgodakkeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 갈고닦아라 galgodakkara |
갈고닦아 galgodakka |
갈고닦아요 galgodakkayo |
갈고닦읍시오 galgodakkeupsio | |
| Assertive | 갈고닦겠다 galgodakgetda |
갈고닦겠어 galgodakgesseo |
갈고닦겠어요 galgodakgesseoyo |
갈고닦겠습니다 galgodakgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 갈고닦아 galgodakka |
갈고닦아서 galgodakkaseo |
갈고닦으니 galgodakkeuni |
갈고닦으니까 galgodakkeunikka | |
| Contrast | 갈고닦지만 galgodakjiman |
갈고닦는데 galgodangneunde |
갈고닦더니 galgodakdeoni |
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| Conjunction | 갈고닦고 galgodakgo |
||||
| Condition | 갈고닦으면 galgodakkeumyeon |
갈고닦아야 galgodakkaya |
|||
| Motive | 갈고닦으려고 galgodakkeuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 갈고닦음 galgodakkeum |
갈고닦기 galgodakgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 갈고닦았음 galgodakkasseum |
갈고닦았기 galgodakkatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 갈고닦은 galgodakkeun | |||
| Present | 갈고닦는 galgodangneun | ||||
| Future | 갈고닦을 galgodakkeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 갈고닦으신다 galgodakkeusinda |
갈고닦으셔 galgodakkeusyeo |
갈고닦으세요, 갈고닦으셔요 galgodakkeuseyo, galgodakkeusyeoyo |
갈고닦으십니다 galgodakkeusimnida |
| Past | 갈고닦으셨다 galgodakkeusyeotda |
갈고닦으셨어 galgodakkeusyeosseo |
갈고닦으셨어요 galgodakkeusyeosseoyo |
갈고닦으셨습니다 galgodakkeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 갈고닦으시느냐 galgodakkeusineunya |
갈고닦으셔 galgodakkeusyeo |
갈고닦으세요, 갈고닦으셔요 galgodakkeuseyo, galgodakkeusyeoyo |
갈고닦으십니까 galgodakkeusimnikka |
| Past | 갈고닦으셨느냐 galgodakkeusyeonneunya |
갈고닦으셨어 galgodakkeusyeosseo |
갈고닦으셨어요 galgodakkeusyeosseoyo |
갈고닦으셨습니까 galgodakkeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 갈고닦으시라 galgodakkeusira |
갈고닦으셔 galgodakkeusyeo |
갈고닦으세요 galgodakkeuseyo |
갈고닦으십시오 galgodakkeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 갈고닦으시겠다 galgodakkeusigetda |
갈고닦으시겠어 galgodakkeusigesseo |
갈고닦으시겠어요 galgodakkeusigesseoyo |
갈고닦으시겠습니다 galgodakkeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 갈고닦으셔 galgodakkeusyeo |
갈고닦으셔서 galgodakkeusyeoseo |
갈고닦으시니 galgodakkeusini |
갈고닦으시니까 galgodakkeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 갈고닦으시지만 galgodakkeusijiman |
갈고닦으시는데 galgodakkeusineunde |
갈고닦으시더니 galgodakkeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 갈고닦으시고 galgodakkeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 갈고닦으시면 galgodakkeusimyeon |
갈고닦으셔야 galgodakkeusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 갈고닦으시려고 galgodakkeusiryeogo |
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| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 갈고닦으심 galgodakkeusim |
갈고닦으시기 galgodakkeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 갈고닦으셨음 galgodakkeusyeosseum |
갈고닦으셨기 galgodakkeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 갈고닦으신 galgodakkeusin | |||
| Present | 갈고닦으시는 galgodakkeusineun | ||||
| Future | 갈고닦으실 galgodakkeusil | ||||