-lik

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch -lijk. False cognate of Turkish -lik.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Suffix

-lik

1. Forming adjectives from nouns with the sense of ‘characteristic of, pertaining to’.

Derived terms

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Cognate with Turkish -lik (“-ness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): , , ,

Suffix

-lik

1. used to derive abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom, -ity

   ‎gözəl (“beautiful”) + ‎-lik → ‎gözəllik (“beauty”)

   ‎ölməz (“immortal”) + ‎-lik → ‎ölməzlik (“immortality”)

   ‎boş (“empty”) + ‎-lik → ‎boşluq (“emptiness”)

2. used to derive abstract nouns from nouns; -ship

   ‎üzv (“member”) + ‎-lik → ‎üzvlük (“membership”)

   ‎dost (“friend”) + ‎-lik → ‎dostluq (“friendship”)

3. used to derive nouns denoting work/jobs from nouns denoting professions

   ‎müəllim (“teacher”) + ‎-lik → ‎müəllimlik (“teaching, the work of a teacher”)

   ‎qəssab (“butcher”) + ‎-lik → ‎qəssablıq (“butchery, the trade of a butcher”)

4. used to derive nouns denoting items containing something; -ory

   ‎söz (“word”) + ‎-lik → ‎sözlük (“word-list; dictionary”)

   ‎öd (“gall”) + ‎-lik → ‎ödlük (“gall bladder”)

   ‎ox (“arrow”) + ‎-lik → ‎oxluq (“quiver”)

5. used to derive nouns denoting places characterized by abundance of something from nouns

   ‎ağac (“tree”) + ‎-lik → ‎ağaclıq (“a treey place, a place with many trees”)

   ‎kölgə (“shadow”) + ‎-lik → ‎kölgəlik (“a shady place”)

   ‎ilan (“snake”) + ‎-lik → ‎ilanlıq (“a place full of snake”)

   ‎bataq (“swamp”) + ‎-lik → ‎bataqlıq (“a swampy place”)

   ‎ocaq (“hearth”) + ‎-lik → ‎ocaqlıq (“hearthstead”)

7. used to derive adjectives from nouns; -ly

   ‎ay (“month”) + ‎-lik → ‎aylıq (“monthly”)

   ‎torba (“bag”) + ‎-lik → ‎torbalıq (“intended to be used for sewing bags”)

   ‎dağ (“mountain”) + ‎-lik → ‎dağlıq (“mountainous”)

   ‎beş nəfər (“five people”) + ‎-lik → ‎beş nəfərlik (“intended for five people”)

8. used to derive temporal adverbs from temporal adverbs and nouns; for

   ‎hələ (“still”) + ‎-lik → ‎hələlik (“yet, still, for the time being”)

   ‎həmişə (“always”) + ‎-lik → ‎həmişəlik (“for ever, permanently”)

   ‎ömür (“lifetime”) + ‎-lik → ‎ömürlük (“for life”)

9. (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting kinship other than by blood; step-

   Synonym: ögey

   ‎ata (“father”) + ‎-lik → ‎atalıq (“stepfather”)

   ‎ana (“mother”) + ‎-lik → ‎analıq (“step-mother”)

   ‎oğul (“son”) + ‎-lik → ‎oğulluq (“stepson”)

   ‎qız (“daughter”) + ‎-lik → ‎qızlıq (“stepdaughter”)

   ‎bacı (“sister”) + ‎-lik → ‎bacılıq (“stepsister”)

10. (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting clothing items

    ‎baş (“head”) + ‎-lik → ‎başlıq (“bashlyk, hood”)

    ‎gəlin (“bride”) + ‎-lik → ‎gəlinlik (“wedding dress”)

    ‎bazar (“market; Sunday”) + ‎-lik → ‎bazarlıq (“bride's garments”)

Usage notes

• It changes to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word (see also: vowel harmony).

Derived terms

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-lik.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lic/

Suffix

-lik

1. -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom

   ‎genç (“young”) + ‎-lik → ‎gençlik (“youngness”)

   ‎dost (“friend”) + ‎-lik → ‎dostluq (“friendship”)

   ‎ür (“free”) + ‎-lik → ‎ürlük (“freedom”)

2. being (like) ...

   ‎dağ (“mountain”) + ‎-lik → ‎dağlıq (“mountainous”)

3. belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container

   ‎qave (“coffee”) + ‎-lik → ‎qavelik (“coffee pot”)

Usage notes

• By vowel harmony, the suffix may change to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word to which it is attached.

Derived terms

Estonian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Germanic -līk?”)

Suffix

-lik (genitive -liku, partitive -likku, comparative -likum, superlative kõige -likum)

1. -ly, -ic, -al - forms adjectives from nouns or verbs.

Declension

Derived terms

Greenlandic

Pronunciation

• (Nuuk) IPA^(key): /-lik/,

Suffix

-lik (n-n^?, truncative^?)

1. having, provided with, owning

Derived terms

References

• Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 153, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
• -lik in Katersat

Hungarian

Etymology

From -l (verb-forming suffix) +‎ -ik (verb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Suffix

-lik

1. (frequentative-reflexive verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or adjective to form a verb.

Usage notes

• (verb-forming suffix) Variants:

  -lik is added to both back-vowel and front-vowel words.

  ‎kék (“blue”) + ‎-lik → ‎kéklik (“to appear blue”)

  ‎hanyatt (“on one's back”) + ‎-lik → ‎hanyatlik (“to decline, fall, deteriorate”)

  -llik is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á. Final -e changes to -é.

  ‎barna (“brown”) + ‎-llik → ‎barnállik (“to appear in brown color”)

  ‎fekete (“black”) + ‎-llik → ‎feketéllik (“to appear in black color”)

  -allik is added to back-vowel words

  ‎nyíl (“arrow”) + ‎-allik → ‎nyilallik (“(of pain) to stab, to feel like a dagger”)

  -ollik is added to some back-vowel words

  ‎torok (“throat”) + ‎-ollik → ‎torkollik (“to end in something”)

  -ellik is added to front-vowel words

  ‎szög (“angle”) + ‎-ellik → ‎szögellik (“to stretch out at an angle”)

Derived terms

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

References

K'iche'

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /liːkʰ/

Suffix

-lik

1. Forms adjectives from verbs

   li’ (“to roll out dough”) → li’lik (“flat”)

   oq’etaj (“to cry for something”) → oq’talik (“cried for”)

   muqtajik (“to cover”) → muqtalik (“buried”)

2. Forms adjectives from nouns

   jäb (“rain”) → jäbalik (“watered”)

   kotokik (“turn; bend”) → kotolik (“coiled”)

References

• Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-lik

1. Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)

Etymology 2

Suffix

-lik

1. Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)

Swedish

Etymology

From the adjective lik (“similar”).

Suffix

-lik

1. -like, -ish

   Synonyms: -artad, -aktig

Derived terms

Anagrams

• kil

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ـلك (-lik), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lic/

• Audio

  (file)

Suffix

-lik

1. -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom

   ‎genç (“young”) + ‎-lik → ‎gençlik (“youngness”)

   ‎anne (“mother”) + ‎-lik → ‎annelik (“motherhood”)

   ‎üye (“member”) + ‎-lik → ‎üyelik (“membership”)

   ‎kral (“king”) + ‎-lik → ‎krallık (“kingdom”)

   ‎özgür (“free”) + ‎-lik → ‎özgürlük (“freedom”)

2. being (like) ...

   ‎aydın (“bright”) + ‎-lik → ‎aydınlık (“lightened”)

   ‎dağ (“mountain”) + ‎-lik → ‎dağlık (“mountainous”)

3. belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container

   ‎salça (“sauce”) + ‎-lik → ‎salçalık (“sauceboat”)

   ‎salça (“sauce”) + ‎-lik → ‎salçalık (“suitable for making a sauce”)

   ‎kalem (“pencil”) + ‎-lik → ‎kalemlik (“pencil case”)

4. year-old

   18'lik kız ― 18 year old girl

5. old

   10 günlük, 3 aylık bebek ― 10-days-old, 3-month-old baby

6. Lasting for a period of time.

   5 dakikalık bir video ― a 5 minutes long video

   2 saatlik bir film ― a 2 hours long movie

   üç günlük ömür ― life is too short (literally, “lifetime that will last three days”)

Usage notes

• The suffix is attached to nouns or sometimes adjectives, and then forms a noun or, more rarely, an adjective. The suffix is often found attached to verbal nouns formed with the suffix -me or its variant -ma. For example, the verb atıştırmak (“to snack”) gives rise to the verbal noun atıştırma (“snacking”) and thus to the term atıştırmalık, which is both a noun meaning “snack” and an adjective meaning “suitable for snacking”.

Derived terms

Descendants

• Greek: -λίκι (-líki)

Uzbek

Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai ـلیق (-lıq), ـلیک (-lik), ـلوق (-luq), ـلوک (-lük), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.

Suffix

-lik

1. -ness
2. Suffix forming various demonyms.

Derived terms