Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bidjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰédʰyeti, from *gʷʰedʰ- (“to ask for; beseech”), or alternatively from *bʰedʰ- (“to bend, bow”) (compare the root of *bindaną). Not, as sometimes suggested, related to *bīdaną (“to wait”). More at *bedō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbið.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bidjaną

to make a request (of/for);
(transitive, +accu) to ask (of person)
(transitive, +gen) to request, ask (for something)

Inflection

Conjugation of *bidjaną (strong class 5 j-present)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bidjō	*bidjaų	—	*bidjai	?
2nd singular	*bidisi	*bidjais	*bidi	*bidjasai	*bidjaisau
3rd singular	*bidiþi	*bidjai	*bidjaþau	*bidjaþai	*bidjaiþau
1st dual	*bidjōs	*bidjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bidjaþiz	*bidjaiþiz	*bidjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bidjamaz	*bidjaim	—	*bidjanþai	*bidjainþau
2nd plural	*bidiþ	*bidjaiþ	*bidiþ	*bidjanþai	*bidjainþau
3rd plural	*bidjanþi	*bidjain	*bidjanþau	*bidjanþai	*bidjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bad	*bēdį̄
2nd singular	*bast	*bēdīz
3rd singular	*bad	*bēdī
1st dual	*bēdū	*bēdīw
2nd dual	*bēdudiz	*bēdīdiz
1st plural	*bēdum	*bēdīm
2nd plural	*bēdud	*bēdīd
3rd plural	*bēdun	*bēdīn

	present	past
participles	*bidjandz	*bedanaz

Related terms

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *biddjan
- Old English: biddan
  - Middle English: bidden
    - English: bid
    - Scots: bid
- Old Frisian: bidda
  - Saterland Frisian: bidje
  - West Frisian: bidde
- Old Saxon: biddian
  - Middle Low German: bidden
    - Low German: bidden
    - Plautdietsch: beeden, bedden
- Old Dutch: bidden
  - Middle Dutch: bidden
    - Dutch: bidden
      - Afrikaans: bid
      - Negerhollands: bed, bet, bit
    - Limburgish: baeje
- Old High German: bitten
  - Middle High German: bitten
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: pittan
      Mòcheno: pitten
    - German: bitten
Old Norse: biðja, ᛒᛁᚦᛁᛅ (biþia); ᛒᛅᚦ (baþ)
- Icelandic: biðja
- Faroese: biðja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bidja, beda, be
- Old Swedish: biþia, bedhia
  - Swedish: bedja, be
- Danish: bede
  - Norwegian Bokmål: bede, be
Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bidjan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bedjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 57
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ƀiđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 45
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “BED-JA-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 91

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bedjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 57

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ƀiđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 45

[3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “BED-JA-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 91