Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/stel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*stel-

1. to put, to place; to locate
2. to be stiff (< to be set/firm)

• *stél-ye-ti^[1][2]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stíltei
    • Proto-Slavic: *stьlati (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *stéľľō
    • Ancient Greek: στέλλω (stéllō)
      • Greek: στέλνω (stélno)
• *stól-ye-ti
  • Proto-Germanic: *staljaną
    • Proto-West Germanic: *stalljan (see there for further descendants)
• ?*stl̥-ko-s
  • Proto-Italic: *stlokos
    • Old Latin: stlocus
      • Latin: locus (see there for further descendants)
• *stól-ō, *stél-ō ~ stl̥-n-és (on-stem)
  • Proto-Germanic: *stullô
    • Proto-West Germanic: *stollō
      • Old High German: stollo (“prop, post”)
        • Middle High German: stolle
          • German: Stollen
            • → Czech: štóla
            • → English: stollen
            • → Norwegian Bokmål: stoll
            • → Norwegian Nynorsk: stoll
        • → Italian: stollo
          • → Serbo-Croatian: штула
  • Proto-Italic: *stolō
    • Latin: stolō (“shoot, branch”) (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ *stl̥-n-eh₂
    • Proto-Hellenic: *stəllā
      • >? Ancient Greek: στήλη (stḗlē, “prop, support block, post”) (or from *steh₂-) (see there for further descendants)
• *stól-o-s
  • Proto-Hellenic: *stólos
    • Ancient Greek: στόλος (stólos) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰálas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰálas
      • Sanskrit: स्थल (sthála, “land, place”) (see there for further descendants)
• *stol-éh₂
  • Proto-Hellenic: *stólā́
    • Ancient Greek: στολή (stolḗ)
      • Greek: στολή (stolí)
      • → Hebrew: אִצְטְלָה (itztəlá)
      • → Latin: stola
        • → Czech: štóla (learned)
        • → English: stola, stole (learned)
        • → Finnish: stola (learned)
        • → Italian: stola (learned)
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: stola (learned)
        • → Polish: stola (learned)
        • → Slovak: štóla (learned)
        • → Swedish: stola (learned)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰálaH
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰálaH
      • Sanskrit: स्थला (sthálā, “floor, mound”)
• *stl̥-to-
  • Proto-Germanic: *stultaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *stoltos
    • Latin: stultus (see there for further descendants)
• *stol-ido-
  • Proto-Italic: *stolidos
    • Latin: stolidus (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Albanian: shtjell
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: ստեղն (stełn)
    • Old Armenian: ստեղծանեմ (stełcanem)
    • (perhaps) Old Armenian: առաստաղ (aṙastał)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Latgalian: staļs
    • Latvian: stal̃lis
    • Lithuanian: stal̃das
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: στελεός (steleós), στελεά (steleá)

Extensions

• ⇒? *stel-d-
  • ⇒ *steld-y-on-
    • Proto-Germanic: *stiltijǭ, *staltijǭ, *stultijǭ (“stilt”)
      • Proto-West Germanic: *stiltijā, *staltijā, *stultijā
        • Old English: *stilte, *stylte
          • Middle English: stilte, stulte
            • English: stilt
        • Middle Low German: stelte
        • Old Dutch:
          • Middle Dutch:
            • Dutch: stelt
              • Afrikaans: stelt
        • Old High German: stelza
          • Middle High German: stelze
            • German: Stelze
      • Old Norse:
        • Danish: stylte

• *ster-

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. stel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1019-1020
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*stel-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 594