Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/divъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
- Per Derksen: cognate with Sanskrit धी (dhī, “thought, prayer”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyH-wo-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyh₂- (“mind, thought”).
- Per Słownik prasłowiański: deverbal from *diviti, relation with Sanskrit धी is unlikely.
Noun
- admiration, delight, astonishment
- Synonym: *čùdo
- that which causes delight; wonder, miracle
- Synonym: *čùdo
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dȋvъ | *dȋva | *dȋvi |
| genitive | *dȋva | *divù | *dĩvъ |
| dative | *dȋvu | *divomà | *divòmъ |
| accusative | *dȋvъ | *dȋva | *dȋvy |
| instrumental | *dȋvъmь, *dȋvomь* | *divomà | *divý |
| locative | *dȋvě | *divù | *divě̃xъ |
| vocative | *dive | *dȋva | *dȋvi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
verbs
- *divovati impf
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: дивъ (divŭ)
- West Slavic:
Etymology 2
Unclear. The material is poorly attested:
- South Slavic forms are probably borrowings from Ottoman Turkish دیو (div), adopted into South Slavic folklore during the Ottoman reign;
- Polish dziw is attested since 1845, probably from East Slavic;
Usually believed to be derived from *divъ (“that which causes delight”). Less likely demonized Early Slavic *Divъ (“sky god”) or *divъ (“god”) during Slavic-Iranian contacts. The demonization was to come under Iranian influence, where the old Iranian deities were demonized as a result of the introduction of Zoroastrianism (compare Sanskrit देव (deva, “god”) vs Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua, “demon”)).
Noun
*divъ m (feminine *diva, adjective *divьskъ)
- some kind of a demon (supernatural being)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *divъ | *diva | *divi |
| genitive | *diva | *divu | *divъ |
| dative | *divu | *divoma | *divomъ |
| accusative | *divъ | *diva | *divy |
| instrumental | *divъmь, *divomь* | *divoma | *divy |
| locative | *divě | *divu | *divěxъ |
| vocative | *dive | *diva | *divi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- >? Polish: dziw
Further reading
- В. В. Мартынов (1981) “Балто-славяно-иранские языковые отношения и глоттогенез славян. divъ.”, in Балто-славянские исследования. 1980., Moscow: Nauka, page 22
Etymology 3
From Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to be bright”) + *-ъ.
Adjective
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *divъ | *diva | *divo |
| genitive | *diva | *divy | *diva |
| dative | *divu | *divě | *divu |
| accusative | *divъ | *divǫ | *divo |
| instrumental | *divomь | *divojǫ | *divomь |
| locative | *divě | *divě | *divě |
| vocative | *dive | *divo | *divo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| genitive | *divu | *divu | *divu |
| dative | *divoma | *divama | *divoma |
| accusative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| instrumental | *divoma | *divama | *divoma |
| locative | *divu | *divu | *divu |
| vocative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *divi | *divy | *diva |
| genitive | *divъ | *divъ | *divъ |
| dative | *divomъ | *divamъ | *divomъ |
| accusative | *divy | *divy | *diva |
| instrumental | *divy | *divami | *divy |
| locative | *divěxъ | *divaxъ | *divěxъ |
| vocative | *divi | *divy | *diva |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *divъjь | *divaja | *divoje |
| genitive | *divajego | *divyję̇ | *divajego |
| dative | *divujemu | *divěji | *divujemu |
| accusative | *divъjь | *divǫjǫ | *divoje |
| instrumental | *divyjimь | *divǫjǫ | *divyjimь |
| locative | *divějemь | *divěji | *divějemь |
| vocative | *divъjь | *divaja | *divoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| genitive | *divuju | *divuju | *divuju |
| dative | *divyjima | *divyjima | *divyjima |
| accusative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| instrumental | *divyjima | *divyjima | *divyjima |
| locative | *divuju | *divuju | *divuju |
| vocative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *diviji | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
| genitive | *divъjixъ | *divъjixъ | *divъjixъ |
| dative | *divyjimъ | *divyjimъ | *divyjimъ |
| accusative | *divyję̇ | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
| instrumental | *divyjimi | *divyjimi | *divyjimi |
| locative | *divyjixъ | *divyjixъ | *divyjixъ |
| vocative | *diviji | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
Derived terms
Related terms
adjectives
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Bulgarian: див огън (div ogǎn, “fire”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- ⇒ Latin script: dívlji oganj, dìvljā vatra
- ⇒ Slovene: dívji
- ⇒ Slovene: dívji mož (“faun, satyr”), dívji ogenj (“fire”)
- West Slavic:
Etymology 4
Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwas (“wild”). By surface analysis, Proto-Indo-European *dʰi- + *-vъ. Cognate Latvian dievs (“wild”).
It was also suggested that the lemma derives from Early Slavic *Divъ (“sky god”) or *divъ (“god”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwás (“god”). According to that theory, Proto-Slavic *divъ zvě̑rь (“wild animal”), Latvian dieva zuosis (“wild geese”), dieva vērši (“wild oxen”) etc., are similar to Hittite (šiunaš ḫuitar, “wild animals, literally, godly animals”) from 𒅆𒍑 (ši-uš, “god”).
Adjective
- natural, intact, wild
- Synonym: *dikъ
- feral, wild (about animals or plants)
- Synonym: *dikъ
- *divъ zvě̑rь ― wild animal
- *divъ veprь ― wild boar
- *diva svinьja ― wild pig
- *diva koza ― wild goat; roe deer
- *divъ golǫbь ― wild pigeon
- *diva gǫ̑sь ― wild goose
- *diva bьčela ― wild bee
- *divo zelьje ― wild herb
- *divъ mȅdъ ― forest honey
- empty, unpopulated, uncultivated (about land)
- Synonym: *dikъ
- (figuratively) savage, fierce, unrestrained, outrageous, barbarous (about people or behaviour)
- Synonym: *dikъ
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *divъ | *diva | *divo |
| genitive | *diva | *divy | *diva |
| dative | *divu | *divě | *divu |
| accusative | *divъ | *divǫ | *divo |
| instrumental | *divomь | *divojǫ | *divomь |
| locative | *divě | *divě | *divě |
| vocative | *dive | *divo | *divo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| genitive | *divu | *divu | *divu |
| dative | *divoma | *divama | *divoma |
| accusative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| instrumental | *divoma | *divama | *divoma |
| locative | *divu | *divu | *divu |
| vocative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *divi | *divy | *diva |
| genitive | *divъ | *divъ | *divъ |
| dative | *divomъ | *divamъ | *divomъ |
| accusative | *divy | *divy | *diva |
| instrumental | *divy | *divami | *divy |
| locative | *divěxъ | *divaxъ | *divěxъ |
| vocative | *divi | *divy | *diva |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *divъjь | *divaja | *divoje |
| genitive | *divajego | *divyję̇ | *divajego |
| dative | *divujemu | *divěji | *divujemu |
| accusative | *divъjь | *divǫjǫ | *divoje |
| instrumental | *divyjimь | *divǫjǫ | *divyjimь |
| locative | *divějemь | *divěji | *divějemь |
| vocative | *divъjь | *divaja | *divoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| genitive | *divuju | *divuju | *divuju |
| dative | *divyjima | *divyjima | *divyjima |
| accusative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| instrumental | *divyjima | *divyjima | *divyjima |
| locative | *divuju | *divuju | *divuju |
| vocative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *diviji | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
| genitive | *divъjixъ | *divъjixъ | *divъjixъ |
| dative | *divyjimъ | *divyjimъ | *divyjimъ |
| accusative | *divyję̇ | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
| instrumental | *divyjimi | *divyjimi | *divyjimi |
| locative | *divyjixъ | *divyjixъ | *divyjixъ |
| vocative | *diviji | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
Derived terms
adjectives
Related terms
adjectives
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Etymology 5
Onomatopoeic. Secondarily associated with *diviti. Compare similar Bulgarian джив-джив (dživ-dživ), Macedonian џив-џив (dživ-dživ).
Interjection
- (West Slavic) tweet, chirp (sound of a sparrow)
Descendants
Etymology 6
Expected reflex of Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwás (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *deywós. Displaced by *bȍgъ during Slavic-Iranian contacts (see there for further information).
Noun
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dȋvъ | *dȋva | *dȋvi |
| genitive | *dȋva | *divù | *dĩvъ |
| dative | *dȋvu | *divomà | *divòmъ |
| accusative | *dȋvъ | *dȋva | *dȋvy |
| instrumental | *dȋvъmь, *dȋvomь* | *divomà | *divý |
| locative | *dȋvě | *divù | *divě̃xъ |
| vocative | *dive | *dȋva | *dȋvi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
References
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 2”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 226
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*divъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 35
- ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “dziw”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 146
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*divъ I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 108
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “diven”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “iz *divъ̏ (ali *dȋvъ) ‛čudež, čudo, demon’”
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 1”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 225
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 3”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 227
- ^ Gołąb, Zbigniew (1975) “Linguistic traces of primitive religious Dualism in Slavic”, in Erlich, Victor, editor, For Wiktor Weintraub. Essays in Polish Literature, Language and History Presented on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday, Mouton, →ISBN, pages 151-159
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*divъ II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 108
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 4”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 228
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “divъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 35
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “divji”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *dívьjь, izpeljano iz *divъ̏ ‛zli duh, demon, čudo’”
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 5”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 231
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 4”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 231