castigar

Asturian

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Latin castīgāre, present active infinitive of castīgō (“I chastise, reprimand”).

Verb

castigar (first-person singular indicative present castigo, past participle castigáu)

1. to punish, to castigate (to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct)

Conjugation

Related terms

• castigu
• castu

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin castīgāre (“to chastise, reprimand”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)
• IPA^(key): (Valencian)

Verb

castigar (first-person singular present castigo, first-person singular preterite castiguí, past participle castigat)

1. to punish, to castigate (to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct)
2. (figurative) to punish, to work hard, to strain, to afflict
   • 2013 September 11, Ernest Alós, “Competir en català”, in El Periódico de Catalunya‎:

     A l'hora de definir el sector del llibre en català hi ha un factor (a més del llibre infantil i juvenil, amb uns resultats superiors als de ficció i no-ficció per a adults, i el de text, castigat pel reciclatge de llibres) que solen oblidar-se i que ajuda a explicar per què els editors en llengua catalana pateixen mentre la quota de mercat creix.

     When it comes time to define the book sector in Catalan, there is one factor (aside from young adult and children's books, with superior results to those of adult fiction and non-fiction, and that of the text, strained by the reuse of books) which is usually forgotten and which helps to explain why Catalan-language publishers suffer while market share grows.

3. to correct (text)

Conjugation

Synonyms

• (punish): punir

Derived terms

• càstig

Related terms

• cast

Further reading

• “castigar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “castigar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese castigar, from Latin castīgāre, present active infinitive of castīgō (“I chastise, reprimand”), possibly an early borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Verb

castigar (first-person singular present castigo, first-person singular preterite castiguei, past participle castigado)

1. (transitive) to punish, to correct, to chastise, to castigate

   Antonym: premiar

Conjugation

Derived terms

• castigo

References

• “castigar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “castigar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “castigar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “castigar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
• “castigar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “castigar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• “castigar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan , from Latin castīgāre, present active infinitive of castīgō (“I chastise, reprimand”).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn)

  (file)

Verb

castigar

1. to punish, to castigate (to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct)

   Synonyms: chastiar, punir

2. (figuratively) to afflict, to cripple

   Serà pas aisit de trobar a me faire embauchar, estant que lo caumatge castiga la vila. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		castigar			aver castigat
gerund		castigant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		castigat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	castigui	castigas	castiga	castigam	castigatz	castigan
	imperfect	castigavi	castigavas	castigava	castigàvem	castigàvetz	castigavan
	preterite	castiguèri	castiguères	castiguèt	castiguèrem	castiguèretz	castiguèron
	future	castigarai	castigaràs	castigarà	castigarem	castigaretz	castigaràn
	conditional	castigariái	castigariás	castigariá	castigariam	castigariatz	castigarián
	conditional 2nd form1	castiguèra	castiguèras	castiguèra	castigueram	castigueratz	castiguèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	castigue	castigues	castigue	castiguem	castiguetz	castiguen
	imperfect	castiguèssi	castiguèsses	castiguèsse	castiguèssem	castiguèssetz	castiguèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			castiga		castiguem	castigatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		castigar			aver castigat
gerund		castigant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		castigat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	castigue	castigues	castiga	castigam	castigatz	castigon
	imperfect	castigave	castigaves	castigava	castigaviam	castigaviatz	castigavon
	preterite	castiguere	castigueres	castiguet	castiguem	castiguetz	castigueron
	future	castigarai	castigaràs	castigará	castigarem	castigaretz	castigarán
	conditional	castigariá	castigariás	castigariá	castigariam	castigariatz	castigarián
	conditional 2nd form1	castiguèra	castiguèras	castiguèra	castigueram	castigueratz	castiguèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	castigue	castigues	castigue	castigassiam	castigassiatz	castigon
	imperfect	castiguesse	castiguesses	castiguesse	castiguessiam	castiguessiatz	castiguesson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			castiga		castigassiam	castigatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		castigar			aver castigat
gerund		castigant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		castigat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	castigui	castigas	castiga	castigam	castigatz	castigan
	imperfect	castigavi	castigavas	castigava	castigàvam	castigàvatz	castigavan
	preterite	castiguèi	castiguès	castiguè	castiguèm	castiguètz	castiguèn
	future	castigarèi	castigaràs	castigarà	castigaram	castigaratz	castigaràn
	conditional	castigarí	castigarés	castigaré	castigarem	castigaretz	castigarén
	conditional 2nd form1	castiguèra	castiguèras	castiguèra	castigueram	castigueratz	castiguèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	castigui	castigues	castigue	castiguem	castiguetz	castiguen
	imperfect	castiguèssi	castiguèsses	castiguèsse	castiguèssem	castiguèssetz	castiguèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			castiga		castiguem	castigatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		castigar			aver castigat
gerund		castigant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		castigat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	castigue	castigas	castiga	castigam	castigatz	castigan
	imperfect	castigava	castigavas	castigava	castigàvam	castigàvatz	castigavan
	preterite	castiguei	castigueras	castiguet	castiguèram	castiguèratz	castigueran
	future	castigarai	castigaràs	castigará	castigarem	castigaretz	castigarán
	conditional	castigariá	castigariàs	castigariá	castigariam	castigariatz	castigarián
	conditional 2nd form1	castiguèra	castiguèras	castiguèra	castigueram	castigueratz	castiguèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	castigue	castigues	castigue	castiguem	castiguetz	castiguen
	imperfect	castiguèsse	castiguèsses	castiguèsse	castiguèssem	castiguèssetz	castiguèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			castiga		castiguem	castigatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		castigar			aver castigat
gerund		castigant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		castigat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	castigue	castigues	castiga	castigam	castigatz	castigan
	imperfect	castigavi	castigavas	castigava	castigàvem	castigàvetz	castigavan
	preterite	castiguère	castiguères	castiguèt	castigueriam	castigueriatz	castiguèron
	future	castigarai	castigaràs	castigarà	castigarem	castigaretz	castigaràn
	conditional	castigariáu	castigariás	castigariá	castigariam	castigariatz	castigarián
	conditional 2nd form1	castiguèra	castiguèras	castiguèra	castigueram	castigueratz	castiguèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	castigue	castigues	castigue	castiguem	castiguetz	castigan
	imperfect	castiguèsse	castiguèsses	castiguèsse	castiguessiam	castiguessiatz	castiguèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			castiga		castiguem	castigatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Related terms

Further reading

• Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 155.

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese castigar, from Latin castīgāre (“to chastise, to reprimand”), possibly an early borrowing.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: cas‧ti‧gar

Verb

castigar (first-person singular present castigo, first-person singular preterite castiguei, past participle castigado)

1. to punish, to castigate (to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct)

   Synonym: punir

Conjugation

Derived terms

• castigo

Related terms

• casto

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish castigar, an early borrowing from Latin castīgāre (“to chastise, reprimand”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kastiˈɡaɾ/

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: cas‧ti‧gar

Verb

castigar (first-person singular present castigo, first-person singular preterite castigué, past participle castigado)

1. to punish, to castigate (to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct)

   Synonym: punir

2. to ground, gate (to punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges)

   Antonym: descastigar

Conjugation

Related terms

References

Further reading

• “castigar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014