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Basque
Etymology
Borrowed from Spanish cultura.
Pronunciation
Noun
kultura inan
- culture
- euskal kultura ― Basque culture
- refinement, culture
Czech
Etymology
Derived from Latin cultūra (“cultivation; culture”), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate, worship”) (related to colōnus and colōnia), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).
Pronunciation
Noun
kultura f
- arts
- culture (arts, customs and habits)
- (microbiology) culture
Declension
Declension of kultura (hard feminine)
Derived terms
References
- ^ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “kultura”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda
Further reading
- kultura in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- kultura in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- kultura in Internetová jazyková příručka
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kulˈtura/
- Hyphenation: kul‧tur‧a
- Rhymes: -ura
Adjective
kultura (accusative singular kulturan, plural kulturaj, accusative plural kulturajn)
- cultural (relating to culture)
- cultured (civilized, refined)
Ladino
Etymology
From Latin cultūra (“culture”) (compare Spanish cultura), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“I till, cultivate”).
Noun
kultura f (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling קולטורה)
- culture
- kultura djudia ― Jewish culture
Maltese
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian cultura.
Pronunciation
Noun
kultura f (plural kulturi)
- culture
- il-kultura Maltija ― Maltese culture
Masurian
Etymology
Borrowed from Polish kultura.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kulˈtura/
- Rhymes: -ura
- Syllabification: kul‧tu‧ra
Noun
kultura f
- culture (level of civilization)
- culture (social spiritual and material achievements)
- culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)
Further reading
- Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “kultura”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 3, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 381
Polish
Etymology
Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Kultur or French culture, ultimately from Latin cultūra. First attested in 1732.
Pronunciation
Noun
kultura f (diminutive kulturka, related adjective kulturowy, abbreviation kult.)
- (countable) culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)
- (countable) culture (the beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life)
- (uncountable) skill level (level of knowledge or ability in a given field)
- (uncountable) culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)
- Synonyms: obycie, ogłada, okrzesanie
- (countable, microbiology) culture (the process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium)
- (countable, botany, agriculture) culture (cultivation)
- (countable, agriculture) crops grown on a large field
- (agriculture) culture (structure of arable soil achieved as a result of agrotechnical treatments and rational management; also: these treatments and farming)
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), kultura is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 24 times in scientific texts, 55 times in news, 130 times in essays, 6 times in fiction, and 9 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 224 times, making it the 246th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kultura”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “kultura”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “kultura”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “kultura”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
- ^ Franciszek Gościecki (1732) Jadwiga Sokołowska, Kazimiera Żukowska, editors, Poeci polskiego Baroku (in Polish), volume 2, published 1965, POSELSTWO WIELKIE JAŚNIE WIELMOŻNEGO STANISŁAWA CHOMENTOWSKIEGO WOJEWODY MAZOWIECKIEGO OD NAJAŚNIEJSZEGO AUGUSTA II, KRÓLA POLSKIEGO, KSIĄŻĘCIA SASKIEGO..., page 461: “Większą pilność mają Grecy i cudzoziemcy, którzy tu mieszkają, Koło tego, albowiem jeden nad drugiego Przesadza się w kulturze wirydarza swego.”
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “kultura”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 208
Further reading
- kultura in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- kultura in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “kultura”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kultura”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 628
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Latin cultūra.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kultǔːra/
- Hyphenation: kul‧tu‧ra
Noun
kultúra f (Cyrillic spelling култу́ра)
- culture
- manners
- civility
Declension
References
- “kultura” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Silesian
Etymology
Borrowed from Polish kultura.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kulˈtura/
- Rhymes: -ura
- Syllabification: kul‧tu‧ra
Noun
kultura f
- (countable) culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)
- (uncountable) culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)
Declension
Derived terms
Further reading
Tagalog
Etymology
Borrowed from Spanish cultura (“culture”).
Pronunciation
Noun
kultura (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)
- culture
- Synonym: kalinangan
- civilization
- Synonyms: kabihasnan, sibilisasyon
See also
References
- “kultura”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018